{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T14:01:12Z","timestamp":1776780072771,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ssph-journal.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> Using different perspectives and methods to investigate the links between the urban phenomenon and health is critical in an urbanizing world. This review discusses qualitative methods in the context of urban health research.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We conducted a narrative review following these steps: We identified the qualitative data collection, analysis and sampling methods that could be more relevant for the problems researched in the urban health field. We conducted searches for methodological articles and other documents about those methods. We included some influential materials and examples of empirical urban health studies using those methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> We included 88 studies and identified several qualitative data gathering, analysis and sampling methods relevant for urban health researchers. We present those methods, focusing their strengths and limitations, and providing examples of their use in the field of urban health. These methods are flexible and allow in-depth analysis of small samples by collecting and analyzing rich and nuanced data.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> This article should contribute to a better understanding of how, and when, qualitative methods may improve our knowledge on urban health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/phrs.2024.1606454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T04:11:50Z","timestamp":1712549510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Using Qualitative Methods to Understand the Interconnections Between Cities and Health: A Methodological Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Pedro","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144708","article-title":"Urban Health: Evidence, Challenges, and Directions","volume":"26","author":"Galea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Publ Health"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"World Urbanization Prospects - the 2018 Revision (ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/420)","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbj.0000000000000016","article-title":"Public Health: Why Study Neighborhoods?","volume":"3","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Porto Biomed J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2008.05.003","article-title":"Come Take a Walk With Me: The \u201cGo-Along\u201d Interview as a Novel Method for Studying the Implications of Place for Health and Well-Being","volume":"15","author":"Carpiano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195138382.003.0001","article-title":"Introduction","volume-title":"Neighborhoods and Health","author":"Kawachi","year":"2003"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2018.07.010","article-title":"Understanding Urban Health Inequalities: Methods and Design of the Heart Health Hoods Qualitative Project","volume":"33","author":"Rivera Navarro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gaceta Sanitaria"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.07.008","article-title":"Qualitative Research in Epidemiology: Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives","volume":"49","author":"Bannister-Tyrrell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5772\/32986","article-title":"Qualitative Research in Epidemiology","volume-title":"Epidemiology-Current Perspectives on Research and Practice","author":"Silva","year":"2012"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-022-01359-0","article-title":"The Neighbourhood Built Environment and Health-Related Fitness: A Narrative Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"Frehlich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Activity"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1080\/23748834.2020.1799173","article-title":"Designing Healthier Neighbourhoods: A Systematic Review of the Impact of the Neighbourhood Design on Health and Wellbeing","volume":"6","author":"Ige-Elegbede","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cities & Health"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-6","article-title":"Using Intervention Mapping to Develop a Work-Related Guidance Tool for Those Affected by Cancer","volume":"13","author":"Munir","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i563","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i563","article-title":"An Open Letter to the BMJ Editors on Qualitative Research","volume":"352","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bmj-brit Med J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100790","article-title":"Qualitative Research in Health: Value and Visibility","volume":"34","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health - West Pac"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"271","volume-title":"The Discovery of Grounded Theory; 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