{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T13:55:41Z","timestamp":1760709341627,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,10]],"date-time":"2017-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51577008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51577008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The misalignment of the drive system of the DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator) wind turbine is one of the important factors that cause damage to the gears, bearings of the high-speed gearbox and the generator bearings. How to use the limited information to accurately determine the type of failure has become a difficult study for the scholars. In this paper, the time-domain indexes and frequency-domain indexes are extracted by using the vibration signals of various misaligned simulation conditions of the wind turbine drive system, and the time-frequency domain features\u2014energy entropy are also extracted by the IEMD (Improved Empirical Mode Decomposition). A mixed-domain feature set is constructed by them. Then, SVM (Support Vector Machine) is used as the classifier, the mixed-domain features are used as the inputs of SVM, and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) is used to optimize the parameters of SVM. The fault types of misalignment are classified successfully. Compared with other methods, the accuracy of the given fault isolation model is improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a10020067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T10:27:59Z","timestamp":1497263279000},"page":"67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Research on Misalignment Fault Isolation of Wind Turbines Based on the Mixed-Domain Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yancai","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Dwight, R., and El-Akruti, K. 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Control"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"150","article-title":"Study on wind turbine gearbox fault diagnosis based on LVQ neural network","volume":"37","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod. Electron. Tech."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Ren, S. (2015). The Study of Fault Diagnosis Methods for Wind Turbine Gearbox Based on the Analysis Vibration Characteristics. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Hebei University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Wang, B. (2012). Research on Fault Diagnosis System for Gearbox of Wind Turbine. [Master\u2019s Thesis, North China Electric Power University]."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.06.025","article-title":"Fault diagnosis for a wind turbine transmission system based on manifold learning and Shannon wavelet support vector machine","volume":"62","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2013.04.061","article-title":"Rotating machine fault diagnosis using dimension reduction with linear local tangent space alignment","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Xu, Z. (2012). Research on Transmission Chain State Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Based on Vibration Method. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Zhejiang University]."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Ding, K., and Li, W. (2006). Practical Technology for Fault Diagnosis of Gear and Gearbox, China Machine Press."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"20","article-title":"Study on the Features of Some Specific Parameters Utilized for Machine Condition Monitoring","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vib. Shock"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Yi, L. (2003). On-Site Practical Technology of Simple Vibration Diagnosis, China Machine Press."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"932","article-title":"Gear fault diagnosis method based on EEMD energy entropy and support vector machine","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cent. South Univ."}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/10\/2\/67\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:38:37Z","timestamp":1760207917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/10\/2\/67"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["a10020067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a10020067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4893"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,10]]}}}