{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T22:57:31Z","timestamp":1771887451477,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a global optimization method for structural design optimization, which integrates subset simulation optimization (SSO) and the dynamic augmented Lagrangian multiplier method (DALMM). The proposed method formulates the structural design optimization as a series of unconstrained optimization sub-problems using DALMM and makes use of SSO to find the global optimum. The combined strategy guarantees that the proposed method can automatically detect active constraints and provide global optimal solutions with finite penalty parameters. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated by four classical truss sizing problems. The results are compared with those reported in the literature, and show a remarkable statistical performance based on 30 independent runs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a10040128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T11:23:20Z","timestamp":1511263400000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Truss Structure Optimization with Subset Simulation and Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}]},{"given":"Qiao-Yue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}]},{"given":"Hong-Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Haftka, R., and Gurdal, Z. 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