{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:12:57Z","timestamp":1778080377245,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]],"date-time":"2018-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that uses low-levels of light (650\u2013900 nm) to measure changes in cerebral blood volume and oxygenation. Over the last several decades, this technique has been utilized in a growing number of functional and resting-state brain studies. The lower operation cost, portability, and versatility of this method make it an alternative to methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging for studies in pediatric and special populations and for studies without the confining limitations of a supine and motionless acquisition setup. However, the analysis of fNIRS data poses several challenges stemming from the unique physics of the technique, the unique statistical properties of data, and the growing diversity of non-traditional experimental designs being utilized in studies due to the flexibility of this technology. For these reasons, specific analysis methods for this technology must be developed. In this paper, we introduce the NIRS Brain AnalyzIR toolbox as an open-source Matlab-based analysis package for fNIRS data management, pre-processing, and first- and second-level (i.e., single subject and group-level) statistical analysis. Here, we describe the basic architectural format of this toolbox, which is based on the object-oriented programming paradigm. We also detail the algorithms for several of the major components of the toolbox including statistical analysis, probe registration, image reconstruction, and region-of-interest based statistics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a11050073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T03:49:29Z","timestamp":1526528969000},"page":"73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":384,"title":["The NIRS Brain AnalyzIR Toolbox"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Santosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2536, USA"}]},{"given":"Xuetong","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2536, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1227-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Fishburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2536, USA"}]},{"given":"Theodore","family":"Huppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Clinical Science Translational Institute, and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2536, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"062104","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2804899","article-title":"Progress of near-infrared spectroscopy and topography for brain and muscle clinical applications","volume":"12","author":"Wolf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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