{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:08:13Z","timestamp":1760242093722,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,25]],"date-time":"2018-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61871341, 61672335, and 61601276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871341, 61672335, and 61601276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Xiamen","award":["3502Z20183053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20183053"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China","award":["2018J06018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018J06018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20720180056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20720180056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201808350010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201808350010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Images may be corrupted by salt and pepper impulse noise during image acquisitions or transmissions. Although promising denoising performances have been recently obtained with sparse representations, how to restore high-quality images remains challenging and open. In this work, image sparsity is enhanced with a fast multiclass dictionary learning, and then both the sparsity regularization and robust data fidelity are formulated as minimizations of L0-L0 norms for salt and pepper impulse noise removal. Additionally, a numerical algorithm of modified alternating direction minimization is derived to solve the proposed denoising model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the compared state-of-the-art ones on preserving image details and achieving higher objective evaluation criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a12010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T04:29:54Z","timestamp":1545798594000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Salt and Pepper Noise Removal with Multi-Class Dictionary Learning and L0 Norm Regularizations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9910-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}]},{"given":"Zhangren","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"},{"name":"School of Opto-Electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}]},{"given":"Jiechao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Opto-Electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gonzalez, R.C., and Richard, E. 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