{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T02:48:26Z","timestamp":1771642106717,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral Researchers Boosting Program of Xi'an Shiyou University","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The VX gasket is an important part of the wellhead connector for a subsea Christmas tree. Optimization of the gasket\u2019s structure can improve the connector\u2019s sealing performance. In this paper, we develop an optimization approach for the VX gasket structure, taking into consideration working load randomness, based on the Kriging surrogate model-NSGA-II algorithm. To guarantee the simulation accuracy, a random finite element (R-FE) model of the connector\u2019s sealing structure was constructed to calculate the gasket\u2019s sealing performance under random working load conditions. The working load\u2019s randomness was simulated using the Gaussian distribution function. To improve the calculation efficiency of the sealing performance for individuals within the initial populations, Kriging surrogate models were constructed. These models accelerated the optimization speed, where the training sample was obtained using an experimental method design and the constructed R-FE model. The effectiveness of the presented approach was verified in the context of a subsea Christmas tree wellhead connector, which matched the 20'' casing head. The results indicated that the proposed method is effective for VX gasket structure optimization in subsea connectors, and that efficiency was significantly enhanced compared to the traditional FE method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a12020042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T04:08:20Z","timestamp":1550549300000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Design Optimization of a VX Gasket Structure for a Subsea Connector Based on the Kriging Surrogate Model-NSGA-II Algorithm Considering the Load Randomness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3351-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"},{"name":"RG Petro-machinery (Group) Co., Ltd., Nanyang 473006, China"},{"name":"School of Safety &amp; Ocean Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RG Petro-machinery (Group) Co., Ltd., Nanyang 473006, China"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710065, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Research on the calculation method of subsea tree H4 wellhead connector axial seal clearance","volume":"30","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. 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