{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:38:06Z","timestamp":1761745086153,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aiming at the current problem that it is difficult to deal with an unknown radar emitter in the radar emitter identification process, we propose an unknown radar emitter identification method based on semi-supervised and transfer learning. Firstly, we construct the support vector machine (SVM) model based on transfer learning, using the information of labeled samples in the source domain to train in the target domain, which can solve the problem that the training data and the testing data do not satisfy the same-distribution hypothesis. Then, we design a semi-supervised co-training algorithm using the information of unlabeled samples to enhance the training effect, which can solve the problem that insufficient labeled data results in inadequate training of the classifier. Finally, we combine the transfer learning method with the semi-supervised learning method for the unknown radar emitter identification task. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method can effectively identify an unknown radar emitter and still maintain high identification accuracy within a certain measurement error range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a12120271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T02:59:01Z","timestamp":1576551541000},"page":"271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["An Unknown Radar Emitter Identification Method Based on Semi-Supervised and Transfer Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuntian","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System; Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System; Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System; Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runming","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System; Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System; Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab. of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System; Luoyang 471003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wiley, R.G. 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Antennas Propag."}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/12\/12\/271\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:42:39Z","timestamp":1760190159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/12\/12\/271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["a12120271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a12120271","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4893"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]}}}