{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T03:18:22Z","timestamp":1761621502920,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Burroughs Welcome Fund 2019 Collaborative Research Travel Grant","award":["2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photomatrix therapeutic systems (PMTS) are widely used for the tasks of preventive, stimulating and rehabilitation medicine. They consist of low-intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) having the quasi-monochromatic irradiation properties. Depending on the LED matrix structures, PMTS are intended to be used for local and large areas of bio-objects. However, in the case of non-uniform irradiation of biological tissues, there is a risk of an inadequate physiological response to this type of exposure. The proposed approach considers a novel technique for designing this type of biomedical technical systems, which use the capabilities of stochastic algorithms for LED switching. As a result, the use of stochastic photomatrix systems based on the technology of uniform twisting generation of random variables significantly expands the possibilities of their medical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a13020041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T10:10:25Z","timestamp":1582020625000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Designing the Uniform Stochastic Photomatrix Therapeutic Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3873-052X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg K.","family":"Karaduta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7735-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksei F.","family":"Deon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya St., 5\/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5861-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulian A.","family":"Menyaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10527-006-0042-6","article-title":"Experience in development of therapeutic photomatrix equipment","volume":"40","author":"Menyaev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s10527-006-0064-0","article-title":"Experience in the use of therapeutic photomatrix equipment","volume":"40","author":"Menyaev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"271","article-title":"Phototherapeutic technologies for oncology","volume":"5973","author":"Menyaev","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021175817451","article-title":"Development of an algorithm for calculating the spatial distribution of the radiation intensity of photomatrix therapeutic apparatuses","volume":"36","author":"Zharov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v29.i1.50","article-title":"Methods for photoultrasonic treatment of festering wounds in oncological patients","volume":"29","author":"Zharov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v29.i3.130","article-title":"Design and application of low-frequency ultrasound and its combination with laser radiation in surgery and therapy","volume":"29","author":"Zharov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s10527-006-0102-y","article-title":"A technique for surgical treatment of infected wounds based on photodynamic and ultrasound therapy","volume":"40","author":"Menyaev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"241","article-title":"Combined photovacuum therapy of copulative dysfunction","volume":"6078","author":"Menyaev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"30","article-title":"Combination of photodynamic and ultrasonic therapy for treatment of infected wounds in animal model","volume":"6087","author":"Menyaev","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BIEN.0000012493.24634.03","article-title":"A combined method for wound treatment based on exposure to low-intensity radiation and ultrasound","volume":"37","author":"Podkolzin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1117\/12.427781","article-title":"Phototherapeutic treatment of patients with peripheral nervous system diseases by means of LED arrays","volume":"4244","author":"Zharov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1117\/12.427780","article-title":"Combined photoultrasonic treatment of infected wounds","volume":"4244","author":"Zharov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017569228132","article-title":"Photoultrasonic treatment of septic wounds","volume":"35","author":"Zharov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, Y., Qiu, H., Wang, Y., Huang, N., and Liu, T.C.Y. (2019). Light-Emitting Diodes for Healthcare and Well-being: Materials, Processes, Devices and Applications. Light-Emitting Diodes, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99211-2_13"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201600273","article-title":"Development and application of LED arrays for use in phototherapy research","volume":"10","author":"Hadis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Guo, L., and Xiong, D. (2019). Design of a multi-band LED phototherapy system with therapeutic evaluation. Proc. SPIE, 11334.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2544044"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.26650\/electrica.2019.18022","article-title":"Multifunctional phototherapy device design","volume":"19","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrica"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohli, H., Srivastava, S., Sharma, S.K., Chouhan, S., and Oza, M. (2019). Design of Programmable LED Based Phototherapy System. Int. J. Opt., 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6023646"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ugarte, M.F., Ch\u00e1varri, L., and Briz, S. (2013). Note: Design of a dose-controlled phototherapy system based on hyperspectral studies. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 84.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4790412"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ugarte, M.F., Ch\u00e1varri, L., Briz, S., Padr\u00f3n, V.M., and Garc\u00eda-Cuesta, E. (2014). Active multispectral imaging system for photodiagnosis and personalized phototherapies. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 85.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4900493"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2584-8","article-title":"Photodynamic and photobiological effects of light-emitting diode (LED) therapy in dermatological disease: An update","volume":"33","author":"Sorbellini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04246.x","article-title":"Light-emitting diodes: Their role in skin rejuvenation","volume":"49","author":"Sauder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6274719","article-title":"Light Emitting Diode (LED) Phototherapy versus Conventional Phototherapy in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: A Single Blinded Randomized Control Trial from Coastal India","volume":"2019","author":"Gutta","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5978\/islsm.16-OR-03","article-title":"830 nm light-emitting diode (led) phototherapy significantly reduced return-to-play in injured university athletes: A pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Foley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laser Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2018.08.004","article-title":"Shk-9: A new tool in approach of glycoprotein annotation","volume":"7","author":"Karaduta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Software"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.003030","article-title":"Optical Clearing in Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry","volume":"4","author":"Menyaev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3643","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.003643","article-title":"Preclinical Photoacoustic Models: Application for Ultrasensitive Single Cell Malaria Diagnosis in Large Vein and Artery","volume":"7","author":"Menyaev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.37.000839","article-title":"Image-like illumination with LED arrays: Design","volume":"37","author":"Moreno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A830","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.00A830","article-title":"New reversing design method for LED uniform illumination","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A843","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.00A843","article-title":"Designing LED array for uniform illumination distribution by simulated annealing algorithm","volume":"20","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.381115","article-title":"Impact of circadian tuning on the illuminance and color uniformity of a multichannel luminaire with spatially optimized LED placement","volume":"28","author":"Abeysekera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.51.002257","article-title":"Optimization design of irradiance array for LED uniform rectangular illumination","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8221","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.54.008221","article-title":"Optimization of LED array for uniform illumination over a target plane by evolutionary programming","volume":"54","author":"Pal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3998","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.52.003998","article-title":"Uniform illumination design by configuration of LEDs and optimization of LED lens for large-scale color-mixing applications","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24418","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.024418","article-title":"New freeform lenses for white LEDs with high color spatial uniformity","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.56.002604","article-title":"Designing an LED luminaire with balance between uniformity of luminance and illuminance for non-Lambertian road surfaces","volume":"56","author":"Teng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.57.004216","article-title":"Effective freeform TIR lens designed for LEDs with high angular color uniformity","volume":"57","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Feller, W. (2008). An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, John Wiley & Sons. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Gnedenko, B. (1998). Theory of Probability, CRC Press. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Kolmogorov, A.N., and Fomin, S.V. (1999). Elements of the Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis, Dover Publications. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Cramer, H. (1999). Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton University Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Knuth, D.E. (2014). Art of Computer Programming, Volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms, Addison-Wesle. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Knuth, D.E. (2011). Art of Computer Programming, Volume 4A: Combinatorial Algorithms, Part 1, Addison-Wesley. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Waerden, B.L. (1991). Algebra: Volume, I, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4420-2"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Waerden, B.L. (1991). Algebra: Volume II, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4420-2"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1023","article-title":"The Complete Set Simulation of Stochastic Sequences without Repeated and Skipped Elements","volume":"22","author":"Deon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Univers. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2016.363.378","article-title":"Parametrical Tuning of Twisting Generators","volume":"12","author":"Deon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"353","article-title":"Twister Generator of Arbitrary Uniform Sequences","volume":"23","author":"Deon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Univers. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2018.260.272","article-title":"The Uniform Twister Plane Generator","volume":"14","author":"Deon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deon, A., and Menyaev, Y. (2019). Poisson Twister Generator by Cumulative Frequency Technology. Algorithms, 114.","DOI":"10.3390\/a12060114"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2020.1.13","article-title":"Twister Generator of Random Normal Numbers by Box-Muller Model","volume":"16","author":"Deon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/272991.272995","article-title":"Mersenne twister: A 623-dimensionnally Equidistributed Uniform Pseudorandom Number Generator","volume":"8","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Modeling Comput. Simul."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000013","article-title":"An Introduction to Conditional Random Fields","volume":"4","author":"Sutton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Found. Trends Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Quattoni, A., Collins, M., and Darrell, T. (2004, January 3\u201310). Conditional Random Fields for Object Recognition. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Denver, CO, USA."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bekkerman, R., Sahami, M., and Learned-Miller, E. (2006, January 18). Combinatorial Markov Random Fields. Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Machine Learning, Berlin, Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/11871842_8"},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Sarawagi, S., and Cohen, W.W. (2005, January 4\u201311). Semi-Markov Conditional Random Fields for Information Extraction. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Barcelona, Spain."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spasta.2014.08.001","article-title":"Skew-Gaussian Random Fields","volume":"10","author":"Rimstad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spat. Stat."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00605-009-0133-z","article-title":"Uniform Modulus of Continuity of Random Fields","volume":"159","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Monatshefte f\u00fcr Mathematik"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Qi, Y., Szummer, M., and Minka, T.P. (2005, January 6\u20138). Bayesian Conditional Random Fields. Proceedings of the AISTATS\u201905: 10th International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, Savannah, Barbados."}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/13\/2\/41\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:58:41Z","timestamp":1760173121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/13\/2\/41"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["a13020041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a13020041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4893"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]}}}