{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:09:59Z","timestamp":1790118599378,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Feature Selection (FS) methods have been studied extensively in the literature, and there are a crucial component in machine learning techniques. However, unsupervised text feature selection has not been well studied in document clustering problems. Feature selection could be modelled as an optimization problem due to the large number of possible solutions that might be valid. In this paper, a memetic method that combines Differential Evolution (DE) with Simulated Annealing (SA) for unsupervised FS was proposed. Due to the use of only two values indicating the existence or absence of the feature, a binary version of differential evolution is used. A dichotomous DE was used for the purpose of the binary version, and the proposed method is named Dichotomous Differential Evolution Simulated Annealing (DDESA). This method uses dichotomous mutation instead of using the standard mutation DE to be more effective for binary purposes. The Mean Absolute Distance (MAD) filter was used as the feature subset internal evaluation measure in this paper. The proposed method was compared with other state-of-the-art methods including the standard DE combined with SA, which is named DESA in this paper, using five benchmark datasets. The F-micro, F-macro (F-scores) and Average Distance of Document to Cluster (ADDC) measures were utilized as the evaluation measures. The Reduction Rate (RR) was also used as an evaluation measure. Test results showed that the proposed DDESA outperformed the other tested methods in performing the unsupervised text feature selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a13060131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T03:29:10Z","timestamp":1590463750000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unsupervised Text Feature Selection Using Memetic Dichotomous Differential Evolution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ibraheem","family":"Al-Jadir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Information Technology, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia"},{"name":"College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kok Wai","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Information Technology, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun Che","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Information Technology, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Information Technology, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Text classification and classifiers: A survey","volume":"3","author":"Korde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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