{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:28:47Z","timestamp":1784914127290,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]],"date-time":"2021-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities","award":["DUT20LAB129."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT20LAB129."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The problem of classification for imbalanced datasets is frequently encountered in practical applications. The data to be classified in this problem are skewed, i.e., the samples of one class (the minority class) are much less than those of other classes (the majority class). When dealing with imbalanced datasets, most classifiers encounter a common limitation, that is, they often obtain better classification performances on the majority classes than those on the minority class. To alleviate the limitation, in this study, a fuzzy rule-based modeling approach using information granules is proposed. Information granules, as some entities derived and abstracted from data, can be used to describe and capture the characteristics (distribution and structure) of data from both majority and minority classes. Since the geometric characteristics of information granules depend on the distance measures used in the granulation process, the main idea of this study is to construct information granules on each class of imbalanced data using Minkowski distance measures and then to establish the classification models by using \u201cIf-Then\u201d rules. The experimental results involving synthetic and publicly available datasets reflect that the proposed Minkowski distance-based method can produce information granules with a series of geometric shapes and construct granular models with satisfying classification performance for imbalanced datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a14020054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T20:51:51Z","timestamp":1612817511000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Granular Classification for Imbalanced Datasets: A Minkowski Distance-Based Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3908-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1109\/91.531768","article-title":"Adaptive fuzzy rule-based classification systems","volume":"4","author":"Nozaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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