{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:49:38Z","timestamp":1781527778248,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC2075 \u2013 390740016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC2075 \u2013 390740016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["preDOM 391150578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["preDOM 391150578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Priority Program 1648 \u2013 SPPEXA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Priority Program 1648 \u2013 SPPEXA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant","award":["754462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["754462"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>preCICE is an open-source library, that provides comprehensive functionality to couple independent parallelized solver codes to establish a partitioned multi-physics multi-code simulation environment. For data communication between the respective executables at runtime, it implements a peer-to-peer concept, which renders the computational cost of the coupling per time step negligible compared to the typical run time of the coupled codes. To initialize the peer-to-peer coupling, the mesh partitions of the respective solvers need to be compared to determine the point-to-point communication channels between the processes of both codes. This initialization effort can become a limiting factor, if we either reach memory limits or if we have to re-initialize communication relations in every time step. In this contribution, we remove two remaining bottlenecks: (i) We base the neighborhood search between mesh entities of two solvers on a tree data structure to avoid quadratic complexity, and (ii) we replace the sequential gather-scatter comparison of both mesh partitions by a two-level approach that first compares bounding boxes around mesh partitions in a sequential manner, subsequently establishes pairwise communication between processes of the two solvers, and finally compares mesh partitions between connected processes in parallel. We show, that the two-level initialization method is fives times faster than the old one-level scheme on 24,567 CPU-cores using a mesh with 628,898 vertices. In addition, the two-level scheme is able to handle much larger computational meshes, since the central mesh communication of the one-level scheme is replaced with a fully point-to-point mesh communication scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a14060166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T04:30:46Z","timestamp":1622089846000},"page":"166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficient and Scalable Initialization of Partitioned Coupled Simulations with preCICE"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Amin","family":"Totounferoush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems (IPVS), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Simonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Computing in Computer Science, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Uekermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems (IPVS), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems (IPVS), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2021.103264","article-title":"Validation of a new fluid\u2014Structure interaction framework for non-linear instabilities of 3D aerodynamic configurations","volume":"103","author":"Cinquegrana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fluids Struct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00466-020-01860-y","article-title":"A scalable framework for the partitioned solution of fluid\u2013structure interaction problems","volume":"66","author":"Naseri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Mech."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Totounferoush, A., Naseri, A., Chiva, J., Oliva, A., and Mehl, M. (2021, January 11\u201315). A GPU Accelerated Framework for Partitioned Solution of Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems. Proceedings of the 14th WCCM-ECCOMAS Congress 2020, online.","DOI":"10.23967\/wccm-eccomas.2020.021"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6fkorn, R., Keilegavlen, E., Radu, F.A., and Fuhrmann, J. (2020). Partitioned coupling schemes for free-flow and porous-media applications with sharp interfaces. 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