{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T06:45:23Z","timestamp":1763621123722,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an algorithm that evaluates the current state of an asset fleet containing sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and estimates its leakage in future electrical power substation projects. The algorithm uses simple models and easy tools to facilitate decision making for transmission and distribution system operator companies. The algorithm is evaluated using data provided by ENEL-CODENSA. The corresponding results are shown, and the estimation values obtained are compared with leakage records in existing assets which helps to understand the advantages and limitations of the algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a15020038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T03:33:32Z","timestamp":1643168012000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Algorithm for Estimation of SF6 Leakage on Power Substation Assets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4858-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferley","family":"Castro Aranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alta Tensi\u00f3n-GRALTA, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad del Valle, Valle del Cauca, Cali 760032, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Garc\u00eda Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enel Codensa, Bogot\u00e1 110221, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s Felipe","family":"Cer\u00f3n Piamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alta Tensi\u00f3n-GRALTA, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad del Valle, Valle del Cauca, Cali 760032, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mailh\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingenier\u00eda Creativa-ICREA, Bogot\u00e1 111311, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Luis Miguel Le\u00f3n","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingenier\u00eda Creativa-ICREA, Bogot\u00e1 111311, Colombia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations (2021, November 02). 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Limiting SF6 Gas Emissions by Optimization of Design and Testing of Gaskets in High Voltage Gas-Insulated Substations, CIGR\u00c9. CIGR\u00c9 Paper C3-209."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Serres, E., Martin, G.D.S., and Isoard, J. (2010). External Costs of Transmission: State of RTE\u2019s Knowledge and Practical Experience, CIGR\u00c9."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"RTE (2021, November 09). Bilan des \u00c9missions de Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre 2018 de RTE. Available online: https:\/\/assets.rte-france.com\/prod\/public\/2020-09\/Bilan%20gaz%20effet%20de%20serre%20RTE%202018.pdf."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"EPA (2021, November 11). Overview of SF6 Emissions Sources and Reduction Options in Electric Power Systems, Available online: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-08\/documents\/12183_sf6_partnership_overview_v20_release_508.pdf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blackman, J., Averyt, M., and Taylor, Z. (2006, January 18\u201322). SF6 leak rates from high voltage circuit breakers-US EPA investigates potential greenhouse gas emissions source. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Montreal, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2006.1709084"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Tits, Y., Delouvroy, G., Marginet, J., Francois, A., and Van Den Berg, M. (2011, January 6\u20139). Life time estimation of SF6 MV Switchgear according to on-site conditions in DNO\u2019s distribution networks. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED), Frankfurt, Germany."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"CIGR\u00c9 WG B3.25 (2014). SF6 Analysis for AIS, GIS and MTS Condition Assessment, CIGR\u00c9."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Green, D.W., and Perry, R.H. (2008). Perry\u2019s Chemical Engineers\u2019 Handbook, McGraw-Hill Education."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuhai, L., Zhan, T., Yeyuan, L., and Yongqiang, D. (2019). Analysis of the Causes of Gas Leakage of a 500 kV SF6 Circuit Breaker. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/310\/3\/032009"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Heckmann, W., and Reimann, T. (2020). Impact Assessment of F-Gas Free Medium Voltage Switchgear\u2014Modeling Scenarios of MV Switchgear Installation Development and Impact on SF6 Emissions, Fraunhofer IEE."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2021, November 17). About ENEL-CODENSA. Available online: https:\/\/www.enel.com.co\/en\/about-enel\/enel-codensa.html."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"IEC 62271-1: 2017 (2017). High-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear-Part 1: Common Specifications for Alternating Current Switchgear and Controlgear, International Electrotechnical Commission."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Myhre, G., Shindell, D., Br\u00e9on, F., Collins, W., Fuglestvedt, J., Jianping, H., Koch, D., Lamarque, J., David, L., and Mendoza, B. (2013). Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"The World Bank (2022, January 13). Carbon Pricing Dashboard\u2014What Is Carbon Pricing. Available online: https:\/\/carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org\/what-carbon-pricing."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Crompton Greaves Ltd. (2022, January 13). Guaranteed Technical Particulars. Available online: https:\/\/www.tstransco.in\/it_uploads\/Drawings_GTPs_CB_CGL.pdf."}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/15\/2\/38\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:07:52Z","timestamp":1760134072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/15\/2\/38"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["a15020038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a15020038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4893"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]}}}