{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1774965623091,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 epidemic has highlighted the significance of sanitization and maintaining hygienic access to clean water to reduce mortality and morbidity cases worldwide. Diarrhea is one of the prevalent waterborne diseases caused due to contaminated water in many low-income countries with similar living conditions. According to the latest statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrhea is among the top five primary causes of death worldwide in low-income nations. The condition affects people in every age group due to a lack of proper water used for daily living. In this study, a stacking ensemble machine learning model was employed against traditional models to extract clinical knowledge for better understanding patients\u2019 characteristics; disease prevalence; hygienic conditions; quality of water used for cooking, bathing, and toiletries; chemicals used; therapist\u2019s medications; and symptoms that are reflected in the field study data. Results revealed that the ensemble model provides higher accuracy with 98.90% as part of training and testing phases when experimented against frequently used J48, Na\u00efve Bayes, SVM, NN, PART, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression models. Managing outcomes of this research in the early stages could assist people in low-income countries to have a better lifestyle, fewer infections, and minimize expensive hospital visits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a15030093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T12:58:36Z","timestamp":1647003516000},"page":"93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ensemble Machine Learning Model to Predict the Waterborne Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7521-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Gollapalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2021, August 07). Diarrheal Disease. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diarrhoeal-disease."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"097010","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP8459","article-title":"Monitoring drinking water quality in nationally representative household surveys in low-and middle-income countries: Cross-sectional analysis of 27 multiple indicator cluster surveys 2014\u20132020","volume":"129","author":"Bain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"United Nations (UN) (2021, October 15). Sustainable Development Goals. 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