{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:03:47Z","timestamp":1780913027901,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFA0403400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0403400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1932201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1932201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Point cloud upsampling algorithms can improve the resolution of point clouds and generate dense and uniform point clouds, and are an important image processing technology. Significant progress has been made in point cloud upsampling research in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of point cloud upsampling algorithms. We classify existing point cloud upsampling algorithms into optimization-based methods and deep learning-based methods, and analyze the advantages and limitations of different algorithms from a modular perspective. In addition, we cover some other important issues such as public datasets and performance evaluation metrics. Finally, we conclude this survey by highlighting several future research directions and open issues that should be further addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a15040124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T12:11:14Z","timestamp":1649419874000},"page":"124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Point Cloud Upsampling Algorithm: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Logistics Engineering College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Logistics Engineering College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1932-2267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2003.1175093","article-title":"Computing and rendering point set surfaces","volume":"9","author":"Alexa","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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