{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:12:34Z","timestamp":1767625954966,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Directorate of Research and Development, Universitas Indonesia under Hibah PUTI 2022","award":["NKB-682\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKB-682\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aimed to find the most discriminative facial regions between the eyes and eyebrows for periocular biometric features in a partial face recognition system. We propose multiscale analysis methods combined with curvature-based methods. The goal of this combination was to capture the details of these features at finer scales and offer them in-depth characteristics using curvature. The eye and eyebrow images cropped from four face 2D image datasets were evaluated. The recognition performance was calculated using the nearest neighbor and support vector machine classifiers. Our proposed method successfully produced richer details in finer scales, yielding high recognition performance. The highest accuracy results were 76.04% and 98.61% for the limited dataset and 96.88% and 93.22% for the larger dataset for the eye and eyebrow images, respectively. Moreover, we compared the results between our proposed methods and other works, and we achieved similar high accuracy results using only eye and eyebrow images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a15060208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T23:50:14Z","timestamp":1655250614000},"page":"208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Eyes versus Eyebrows: A Comprehensive Evaluation Using the Multiscale Analysis and Curvature-Based Combination Methods in Partial Face Recognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"Lionnie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok, Depok City 16424, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7843-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catur","family":"Apriono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok, Depok City 16424, Indonesia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dadang","family":"Gunawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok, Depok City 16424, Indonesia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2020.103899","article-title":"A high-efficiency energy and storage approach for IoT applications of facial recognition","volume":"96","author":"Peixoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Image Vis. 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