{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:22:07Z","timestamp":1785802927008,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Malaysian Research University Network (MRUN)","award":["203.PKOMP.6777002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203.PKOMP.6777002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Machine Learning (ML) offers new precision technologies with intelligent algorithms and robust computation. This technology benefits various agricultural industries, such as the palm oil sector, which possesses one of the most sustainable industries worldwide. Hence, an in-depth analysis was conducted, which is derived from previous research on ML utilisation in the palm oil in-dustry. The study provided a brief overview of widely used features and prediction algorithms and critically analysed current the state of ML-based palm oil prediction. This analysis is extended to the ML application in the palm oil industry and a comparison of related studies. The analysis was predicated on thoroughly examining the advantages and disadvantages of ML-based palm oil prediction and the proper identification of current and future agricultural industry challenges. Potential solutions for palm oil prediction were added to this list. Artificial intelligence and ma-chine vision were used to develop intelligent systems, revolutionising the palm oil industry. Overall, this article provided a framework for future research in the palm oil agricultural industry by highlighting the importance of ML.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a15060218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T01:43:27Z","timestamp":1655775807000},"page":"218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Review of an Artificial Intelligence Framework for Identifying the Most Effective Palm Oil Prediction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7732-8299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatini Nadhirah","family":"Mohd Nain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5652-9152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurul Hashimah","family":"Ahamed Hassain Malim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-5837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosni","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamad Farid","family":"Abdul Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FGV Research and Development (R&D) Sdn Bhd, Unit Biak Baka Sawit, Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak, Jengka 26400, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Azinuddin","family":"Ahmad Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FGV Research and Development (R&D) Sdn Bhd, Unit Biak Baka Sawit, Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak, Jengka 26400, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Syafika","family":"Mohamad Fauzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FGV Research and Development (R&D) Sdn Bhd, Unit Biak Baka Sawit, Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak, Jengka 26400, Pahang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2018.02.025","article-title":"Low extinction risk for an important plant resource: Conservation assessments of continental African palms (Arecaceae\/Palmae)","volume":"221","author":"Cosiaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. 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