{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T05:40:38Z","timestamp":1762062038027,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","award":["2021C01046","ZG2020049","G20210020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C01046","ZG2020049","G20210020"]}]},{"name":"Wenzhou Science &amp; Technology Bureau","award":["2021C01046","ZG2020049","G20210020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C01046","ZG2020049","G20210020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper is dedicated to achieving flexible automatic assembly of miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) to resolve the high rigidity issue of existing MCB assembly by proposing a flexible automatic assembly process and method with industrial robots. To optimize the working performance of the robot, a time-optimal trajectory planning method of the improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with a multi-optimization mechanism is proposed. The solution uses a fitness switch function for particle sifting to improve the stability of the acceleration and jerk of the robot motion as well as to increase the computational efficiency. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves flexible assembly for multi-type MCB parts of varying postures. Compared with other optimization algorithms, the proposed improved PSO is significantly superior in both computational efficiency and optimization accuracy. Compared with the standard PSO, the proposed trajectory planning method shortens the assembly time by 6.9 s and raises the assembly efficiency by 16.7%. The improved PSO is implemented on the experimental assembly platform and achieves smooth and stable operations, which proves the high significance and practicality for MCB fabrication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a15080269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T21:49:02Z","timestamp":1659304142000},"page":"269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Research of Flexible Assembly of Miniature Circuit Breakers Based on Robot Trajectory Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Low-Voltage Apparatus Technology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Low-Voltage Apparatus Technology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3281-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziran","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Low-Voltage Apparatus Technology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Low-Voltage Apparatus Technology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Institute, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zili","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Institute, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2019.2915110","article-title":"Fault Analysis of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Based on Coil Current and Contact Travel Waveforms Through Modified SVM Classifier","volume":"34","author":"Rudsari","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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