{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:03:58Z","timestamp":1767924238037,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2012\/TK06\/MMU\/03\/7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2012\/TK06\/MMU\/03\/7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A comfortable indoor environment contributes to a better quality of life and wellbeing for its occupants. The indoor temperature, lighting, and air quality are the main controlling factors of user comfort levels. The optimum control of the lighting, air conditioners, and air ventilators helps in maximizing the user\u2019s comfort level. Nonetheless, the energy consumption of these appliances needs to be taken into consideration to minimize the operational cost and at the same time provide an environmentally friendly system. Comfort level maximization and energy consumption minimization are optimization problems. This issue is becoming more important due to the lifestyle changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic that resulted in more time spent at home and indoors. Inertia weight artificial bee colony (IW-ABC) algorithms using linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, and exponentially increasing inertia are proposed here for the optimization of the indoor comfort index and energy usage. The multi-objective problem is tackled as a weighted single objective optimization problem. The proposed solution is tested using a dataset of 48 environmental conditions. The results of the simulation show that the IW-ABC performs better than the original ABC and other benchmark algorithms and the IW-ABC with linear increasing inertia weight has the most improved convergence behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a15110395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T12:29:45Z","timestamp":1666700985000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Indoor Comfort and Energy Consumption Optimization Using an Inertia Weight Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Farah Nur Arina","family":"Baharudin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2119-6191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nor Azlina","family":"Ab. Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Razwan","family":"Abdul Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Anith Khairunnisa","family":"Ghazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka 75450, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Zuwairie","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500165","article-title":"The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants","volume":"11","author":"Klepeis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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