{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T16:02:34Z","timestamp":1771603354852,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Stent underexpansion is the main cause of stent thrombosis and restenosis. Coronary angiography has limitations in the assessment of stent expansion. Enhanced stent imaging (ESI) methods allow a detailed visualization of stent deployment. We qualitatively compare image results from two ESI system vendors (StentBoost\u2122 (SB) and CAAS StentEnhancer\u2122 (SE)) and report quantitative results of deployed stents diameters by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and by SE. (2) Methods: The ESI systems from SB and SE were compared and graded by two blinded observers for different characteristics: 1 visualization of the proximal and distal edges of the stents; 2 visualization of the stent struts; 3 presence of underexpansion and 4 calcifications. Stent diameters were quantitatively measured using dedicated QCA and SE software and compared to chart diameters according to the pressure of implantation. (3) Results: A total of 249 ESI sequences were qualitatively compared. Inter-observer variability was noted for strut visibility and total scores. Inter-observer agreement was found for the assessment of proximal stent edge and stent underexpansion. The predicted chart diameters were 0.31 \u00b1 0.30 mm larger than SE diameters (p &lt; 0.05). Stent diameters by SE after post-dilatation were 0.47 \u00b1 0.31 mm smaller than the post-dilation balloon diameter (p &lt; 0.05). SE-derived diameters significantly differed from QCA; by Bland\u2013Altman analysis the bias was \u22120.37 \u00b1 0.42 mm (p &lt; 0.001). (4) Conclusions: SE provides an enhanced visualization and allows precise quantitative assessment of stent expansion without the limitations of QCA when overlapping coronary side branches are present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a16060276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T02:27:30Z","timestamp":1685500050000},"page":"276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Validation of a New Enhanced Stent Imaging Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chadi","family":"Ghafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Houissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis 1000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Dens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1583-5882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudiu","family":"Ungureanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hopital Jolimont, 7100 La Louvi\u00e8re, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kayaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Jessa Ziekenhuis, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Constant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7787-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Carlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, CHU Ambroise Par\u00e9, 7000 Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz425","article-title":"2019 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes","volume":"41","author":"Neumann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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Imaging"}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/16\/6\/276\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:45:12Z","timestamp":1760125512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/16\/6\/276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["a16060276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a16060276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]}}}