{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:14:13Z","timestamp":1772766853712,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The analysis of complex systems tends to be approached through a separation and a simplification of the main macro phenomena and, thus, addressed through dedicated techniques, tools, and algorithms. A smart and interesting possibility, instead, is represented by the so-called model-based design analysis, which allows one to interface phenomena coming from interactions of different physical natures. This paper aims to propose a multi-physics Matlab\/Simulink\u00ae-based architecture that allows one to integrate general and strongly non-linear coupling phenomena, taking efforts from two novel implemented bi-directional co-simulation routines based on Spice\u00ae and ESRF Radia\u00ae engines. Emphasis is dedicated to the discussion and description of the co-simulation algorithms and processes characteristic of these routines, which allow the analog electronic and the magneto dynamic domain\u2019s integration under a single simulation environment. To highlight the reliability of the multi-domain architecture and to validate the reported co-simulation results, a comparison with the experimental measures obtained on an innovative MEMS electromagnetic actuator are proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a16060306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T01:59:30Z","timestamp":1687226370000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Alternative Multi-Physics-Based Methodology for Strongly Coupled Electro-Magneto-Mechanical Problems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7214-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico Maria","family":"Reato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano Via Giuseppe La Masa, 1, 20156 Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microhard Srl, Iseo Serrature Spa, Via S. Girolamo, 13, 25055 Pisogne, Italy"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Misfatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microhard Srl, Iseo Serrature Spa, Via S. Girolamo, 13, 25055 Pisogne, Italy"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Calzaferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iseo Serrature Spa, Via S. Girolamo, 13, 25055 Pisogne, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9296-0874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Cinquemani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano Via Giuseppe La Masa, 1, 20156 Milano, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-017-0633-6","article-title":"Hybrid co-simulation: It\u2019s about time","volume":"18","author":"Cremona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. 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