{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T09:28:56Z","timestamp":1768037336527,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper introduces a novel algorithm for designing a low-pass filter (LPF) and a microstrip Wilkinson power divider (WPD) using a neural network surrogate model. The proposed algorithm is applicable to various microwave devices, enhancing their performance and frequency response. Desirable output parameters can be achieved for the designed LPF and WPD by using the proposed algorithm. The proposed artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate model is employed to calculate the dimensions of the LPF and WPD, resulting in their efficient design. The LPF and WPD designs incorporate open stubs, stepped impedances, triangular-shaped resonators, and meandered lines to achieve optimal performance. The compact LPF occupies a size of only 0.15 \u03bbg \u00d7 0.081 \u03bbg, and exhibits a sharp response within the transmission band, with a sharpness parameter of approximately 185 dB\/GHz. The designed WPD, operating at 1.5 GHz, exhibits outstanding harmonics suppression from 2 GHz to 20 GHz, with attenuation levels exceeding 20 dB. The WPD successfully suppresses 12 unwanted harmonics (2nd to 13th). The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed design algorithm effectively accomplishes the LPF and WPD designs, exhibiting desirable parameters such as operating frequency and high-frequency harmonics suppression. The WPD demonstrates a low insertion loss of 0.1 dB (S21 = 0.1 dB), input and output return losses exceeding 30 dB (S11 = \u221235 dB, S22 = \u221230 dB), and an output ports isolation of more than 32 dB (S23 = \u221232 dB), making it suitable for integration into modern communication systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a16070324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:42:46Z","timestamp":1688344966000},"page":"324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Fast Surrogate Model-Based Algorithm Using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks for Microwave Circuit Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5312-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad (Behdad)","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The International Association of Engineers (IAENG), Hong Kong 999077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salah I.","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication and Computer Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koya University, Koya 46017, Iraq"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4024-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Roshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 67771, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6063-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Akmal","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7121-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazeed Yasin","family":"Ghadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering and Computer Science Department, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5088-499X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sobhan","family":"Roshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 67771, Iran"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alanazi, A.K., Alizadeh, S.M., Nurgalieva, K.S., Nesic, S., Grimaldo Guerrero, J.W., Abo-Dief, H.M., Eftekhari-Zadeh, E., Nazemi, E., and Narozhnyy, I.M. (2022). 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