{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:23:43Z","timestamp":1760149423778,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pazy Research Foundation and the Israel Science Foundation","award":["1449\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1449\/23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a novel approach utilizing uniform rectangular arrays to design a constant-beamwidth (CB) linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer, which also improves white noise gain and directivity. By employing a generalization of the convolutional Kronecker product beamforming technique, we decompose a physical array into virtual subarrays, each tailored to achieve a specific desired feature, and we subsequently synthesize the original array\u2019s beamformer. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed approach successfully achieves the desired beamforming characteristics while maintaining favorable levels of white noise gain and directivity. A comparative analysis against existing methods from the literature reveals that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a16080385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T10:33:23Z","timestamp":1691750003000},"page":"385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Constant-Beamwidth LCMV Beamformer with Rectangular Arrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3996-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor Probst","family":"Curtarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis CEP 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2556-3972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion\u2013Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2002.1003822","article-title":"Opportunistic beamforming using dumb antennas","volume":"48","author":"Viswanath","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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