{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:35:46Z","timestamp":1760150146159,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in deep learning have input pixel limitations, which leads to lost information regarding microcalcification when mammography images are compressed. Segmenting images into patches retains the original resolution when inputting them into the CNN and allows for identifying the location of calcification. This study aimed to develop a mammographic calcification detection method using deep learning by classifying the presence of calcification in the breast. Using publicly available data, 212 mammograms from 81 women were segmented into 224 \u00d7 224-pixel patches, producing 15,049 patches. These were visually classified for calcification and divided into five subsets for training and evaluation using fivefold cross-validation, ensuring image consistency. ResNet18, ResNet50, and ResNet101 were used for training, each of which created a two-class calcification classifier. The ResNet18 classifier achieved an overall accuracy of 96.0%, mammogram accuracy of 95.8%, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96, and a processing time of 0.07 s. The results of ResNet50 indicated 96.4% overall accuracy, 96.3% mammogram accuracy, an AUC of 0.96, and a processing time of 0.14 s. The results of ResNet101 indicated 96.3% overall accuracy, 96.1% mammogram accuracy, an AUC of 0.96, and a processing time of 0.20 s. This developed method offers quick, accurate calcification classification and efficient visualization of calcification locations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a16100483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T10:36:56Z","timestamp":1697625416000},"page":"483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of a Mammography Calcification Detection Algorithm Using Deep Learning with Resolution-Preserved Image Patch Division"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Miu","family":"Sakaida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6663-4335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaaki","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan"},{"name":"Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan"},{"name":"Clinical AI Human Resources Development Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical AI Human Resources Development Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4275-1422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shota","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8518, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Research Administration, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7796-5113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Sugimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan"},{"name":"Clinical AI Human Resources Development Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763","article-title":"Cancer Statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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