{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:54:49Z","timestamp":1769273689026,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2022-138860NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-138860NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["RED2022-134703-T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RED2022-134703-T"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PDC2022-133957-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133957-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PROMETEO\/2021\/065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROMETEO\/2021\/065"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana","award":["PID2022-138860NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-138860NB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana","award":["RED2022-134703-T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RED2022-134703-T"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana","award":["PDC2022-133957-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDC2022-133957-I00"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana","award":["PROMETEO\/2021\/065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROMETEO\/2021\/065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the field of logistics and transportation (L&amp;T), this paper reviews the utilization of simheuristic algorithms to address NP-hard optimization problems under stochastic uncertainty. Then, the paper explores an extension of the simheuristics concept by introducing a fuzzy layer to tackle complex optimization problems involving both stochastic and fuzzy uncertainties. The hybrid approach combines simulation, metaheuristics, and fuzzy logic, offering a feasible methodology to solve large-scale NP-hard problems under general uncertainty scenarios. These scenarios are commonly encountered in L&amp;T optimization challenges, such as the vehicle routing problem or the team orienteering problem, among many others. The proposed methodology allows for modeling various problem components\u2014including travel times, service times, customers\u2019 demands, or the duration of electric batteries\u2014as deterministic, stochastic, or fuzzy items. A cross-problem analysis of several computational experiments is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the fuzzy simheuristic methodology. Being a flexible methodology that allows us to tackle NP-hard challenges under general uncertainty scenarios, fuzzy simheuristics can also be applied in fields other than L&amp;T.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a16120570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T10:04:47Z","timestamp":1702893887000},"page":"570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Solving NP-Hard Challenges in Logistics and Transportation under General Uncertainty Scenarios Using Fuzzy Simheuristics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1392-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel A.","family":"Juan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Production Management and Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Ferrandiz-Carbonell, 03801 Alcoy, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-9321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Rabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of IT in Production and Logistics, TU Dortmund University, Leonhard-Euler-Str. 5, 44227 Dortmund, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6118-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majsa","family":"Ammouriova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 156 Rambla del Poblenou, 08018 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Panadero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Architecture & Operating Systems, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Carrer de les Sitges s\/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Peidro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Production Management and Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Ferrandiz-Carbonell, 03801 Alcoy, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4718-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Riera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 156 Rambla del Poblenou, 08018 Barcelona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cinar, D., Gakis, K., and Pardalos, P.M. 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