{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:57:18Z","timestamp":1760144238935,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sodium dodecyl sulfate\u2013polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is used to identify protein presence, absence, or overexpression and usually, their interpretation is visual. Some published methods can localize the position of proteins using image analysis on images of SDS-PAGE gels. However, they cannot automatically determine a particular protein band\u2019s concentration or molecular weight. In this article, a new methodology to identify the number of samples present in an SDS-PAGE gel and the molecular weight of the recombinant protein is developed. SDS-PAGE images of different concentrations of pure GPN protein were created to produce homogeneous gels. Then, these images were analyzed using the developed methodology called Image Profile Based on Binarized Image Segmentation (IPBBIS). It is based on detecting the maximum intensity values of the analyzed bands and produces the segmentation of images filtered by a binary mask. The IPBBIS was developed to identify the number of samples in an SDS-PAGE gel and the molecular weight of the recombinant protein of interest, with a margin of error of 3.35%. An accuracy of 0.9850521 was achieved for homogeneous gels and 0.91736 for heterogeneous gels of low quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a17040149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T09:36:54Z","timestamp":1712050614000},"page":"149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A New Algorithm for Detecting GPN Protein Expression and Overexpression of IDC and ILC Her2+ Subtypes on Polyacrylamide Gels Associated with Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Juarez-Lucero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-5316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Guevara-Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Architecture, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 4 Sur 104 Centro Hist\u00f3rico, Puebla 72000, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9419-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabel","family":"Sanchez-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Diaz-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0965-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leopoldo","family":"Altamirano-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaabouch, N., Schultz, R.R., and Milavetz, B. 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