{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:03:34Z","timestamp":1780445014326,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper introduces an innovative method for load frequency control (LFC) in multi-area interconnected power systems vulnerable to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The system is modeled as a switching system with two subsystems, and an adaptive control algorithm is developed. Initially, a dynamic linear data model is used to model each subsystem. Next, a model-free adaptive control strategy is introduced to maintain frequency stability in the multi-area interconnected power system, even during DoS attacks. A rigorous stability analysis of the power system is performed, and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by applying it to a three-area interconnected power system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a17060233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T08:36:22Z","timestamp":1716798982000},"page":"233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Data-Driven Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Power System Based on Switching Method under Cyber Attacks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Guangqiang","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Engineering, Huanghe Jiaotong University, Jiaozuo 454950, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bevrani, H.L. 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