{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:41:14Z","timestamp":1770280874675,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Metropolitano, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad del Valle, and Minciencias\u2014Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n of Colombia","award":["RC80740-178-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC80740-178-2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hybrid energy storage systems significantly impact the renewable energy sector due to their role in enhancing grid stability and managing its variability. However, implementing these systems requires advanced control strategies to ensure correct operation. This paper presents an algorithm for designing the power and control stages of a hybrid energy storage system formed by a battery, a supercapacitor, and a bidirectional Zeta converter. The control stage involves an adaptive sliding-mode controller co-designed with the power circuit parameters. The design algorithm ensures battery protection against high-frequency transients that reduce lifespan, and provides compatibility with low-cost microcontrollers. Moreover, the continuous output current of the Zeta converter does not introduce current harmonics to the battery, the microgrid, or the load. The proposed solution is validated through an application example using PSIM electrical simulation software (version 2024.0), demonstrating superior performance in comparison with a classical cascade PI structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a17070319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T12:20:38Z","timestamp":1721650838000},"page":"319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adaptive Sliding-Mode Controller for a Zeta Converter to Provide High-Frequency Transients in Battery Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-231X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Tob\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica y Telecomunicaciones, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Metropolitano, Medell\u00edn 050013, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2231-4177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Andr\u00e9s","family":"Ramos-Paja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn 050041, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5458-2427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha Luc\u00eda","family":"Orozco-Gut\u00ederrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2529-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s Juli\u00e1n","family":"Saavedra-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn 050041, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1498-7323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio Ignacio","family":"Serna-Garc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica y Telecomunicaciones, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Metropolitano, Medell\u00edn 050013, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2021.04.001","article-title":"Data-driven modeling and analysis based on complex network for multimode recognition of industrial processes","volume":"62","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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