{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:19:09Z","timestamp":1760145549600,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51704253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51704253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gas-gathering pipeline network is a critical infrastructure for collecting and conveying natural gas from the extraction site to the processing facility. This paper introduces a design optimization model for a star\u2013tree gas-gathering pipeline network within a discrete space, aimed at determining the optimal configuration of this infrastructure. The objective is to reduce the investment required to build the network. Key decision variables include the locations of stations, the plant location, the connections between wells and stations, and the interconnections between stations. Several equality and inequality constraints are formulated, primarily addressing the affiliation between wells and stations, the transmission radius, and the capacity of the stations. The design of a star\u2013tree pipeline network represents a complex, non-deterministic polynomial (NP) hard combinatorial optimization problem. To tackle this challenge, a hierarchical optimization framework coupled with an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed. The efficacy of the genetic algorithm is validated through testing and comparison with other traditional algorithms. Subsequently, the optimization model and solution methodology are applied to the layout design of a pipeline network. The findings reveal that the optimized network configuration reduces investment costs by 16% compared to the original design. Furthermore, when comparing the optimal layout under a star\u2013star topology, it is observed that the investment needed for the star\u2013star topology is 4% higher than that needed for the star\u2013tree topology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a17080340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T13:57:28Z","timestamp":1722866248000},"page":"340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hierarchical Optimization Framework for Layout Design of Star\u2013Tree Gas-Gathering Pipeline Network in Discrete Spaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Gathering and Transportation Engineering Technology, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Gathering and Transportation Engineering Technology, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Shale Gas Exploration and Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penghua","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dafan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shale Gas Exploration and Development Department, CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2021.103379","article-title":"A mixed integer nonlinear programming model for optimal design of natural gas storage surface double-pipe network","volume":"44","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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