{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T15:54:11Z","timestamp":1771862051907,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assessing and improving the quality of education in universities can play a prominent role in developing countries. This study aims to demonstrate an extensive methodology with a related algorithm for assessing the quality of education in Water Resource Engineering (WRE) based on Klein\u2019s learning model and using the hybrid fuzzy-AHP-TOPSIS (FAT) method. Four out of the top ten universities in Iran, including Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Shiraz University (SU), and Khajeh Nasir al-Din Toosi University of Technology (KUT), are considered as case studies. First, participants answered questions based on Klein\u2019s model so that the weight coefficients according to the fuzzy-AHP technique were extracted. Second, these coefficients were transferred to the TOPSIS environment, where the previously prioritized criteria were utilized to select the ideal solution. Finally, the relative closeness of universities (CC) as a performance evaluation criterion in the form of CC(IUST) = 0.54, CC(AUT) = 0.49, CC(SU) = 0.45, and CC(KUT) = 0.39 was obtained. The sensitivity analysis was performed based on the number and type of Klein\u2019s qualitative criteria on the model, and Fourier series expansion curves were used to better compare the results of the proposed algorithm. The presented algorithm in this research can be a good basis for education assessment models in universities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a18010012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T06:05:10Z","timestamp":1735797910000},"page":"12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Application of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Models for Assessment of Education Quality in Water Resources Engineering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4377-6696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Kazem","family":"Ghorbani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Talebbeydokhti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71348, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-0120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Hamidifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hydrology and Hydrodynamics, Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3867-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrshad","family":"Samadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4395-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Nones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hydrology and Hydrodynamics, Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Rezaeitavabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Heidarifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71348, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bielefeldt, A.R. (2019). Professional Licensure among Civil Engineering Faculty and Related Educational Requirements. J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract., 145.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000411"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bielefeldt, A.R., Lewis, J., Polmear, M., Knight, D., Canney, N., and Swan, C. (2020). Educating Civil Engineering Students about Ethics and Societal Impacts via Cocurricular Activities. J. Civ. Eng. Educ., 146.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EI.2643-9115.0000021"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1052-3928(1997)123:1(30)","article-title":"Amos Eaton Was Right!","volume":"123","author":"Griggs","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1052-3928(1997)123:4(135)","article-title":"Engineering Design for Secondary Education","volume":"123","author":"McCuen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.4314\/wsa.v44i3.14","article-title":"Economic Risks Due to Declining Water Quality in the Breede River Catchment","volume":"44","author":"Cullis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water SA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.5194\/gc-5-261-2022","article-title":"A Snapshot Sample on How COVID-19 Impacted and Holds up a Mirror to European Water Education","volume":"5","author":"Fischer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geosci. Commun."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"45","article-title":"River Water Quality Management Using a Fuzzy Optimization Model and the NSFWQI Index","volume":"47","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water SA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grigg, N.S. (2015). Case Studies to Connect Disciplines for Water Management Education. J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract., 142.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000265"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1052-3928(1985)111:1(12)","article-title":"The University: Eisenhower\u2019s Warning Reconsidered","volume":"111","author":"Bella","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Prof. Issues Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grigg, N.S. (2018). Civil Engineering Workforce and Education: Twenty Years of Change. J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract., 144.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000387"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5194\/gc-4-209-2021","article-title":"Introducing Electronic Circuits and Hydrological Models to Postsecondary Physical Geography and Environmental Science Students: Systems Science, Circuit Theory, Construction, and Calibration","volume":"4","author":"Kinar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geosci. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera Torres, L., Ramiro-S\u00e1nchez, M.T., S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez, L.C., Lorenzo Quiles, O., and Perandones Gonz\u00e1lez, T.M. (2024). Analysis of the University Experience of Undergraduate Students of Education Degrees. Heliyon, 10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32330"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agyei, E.A., Annim, S.K., Acquah, B.Y.S., Sebu, J., and Agyei, S.K. (2024). Education Infrastructure Inequality and Academic Performance in Ghana. Heliyon, 10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34041"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahmanu, I.W.E.D., and Moln\u00e1r, G. (2024). Multimodal Immersion in English Language Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Review. Heliyon, 10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38357"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1052-3928(2003)129:3(151)","article-title":"Smart Growth: Hydrologic Perspective","volume":"129","author":"McCuen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahabi-Haghighi, S.M.B., and Hamidifar, H. (2023). Exploring the Link between Drought-Related Terms and Public Interests: Global Insights from LSTM-Based Predictions and Google Trends Analysis. Hydrol. Process., 37.","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.15016"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-023-06209-1","article-title":"Exploring EM-DAT for Depicting Spatiotemporal Trends of Drought and Wildfires and Their Connections with Anthropogenic Pressure","volume":"120","author":"Nones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/rvr2.45","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Variations of Riverine Flood Fatalities: 70 Years Global to Regional Perspective","volume":"2","author":"Hamidifar","year":"2023","journal-title":"River"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1052-3928(2005)131:1(26)","article-title":"Information Technology in Civil Engineering Curriculum","volume":"131","author":"Grigg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1052-3928(1992)118:4(361)","article-title":"Future Concerns in Environmental Engineering Graduate Education","volume":"118","author":"Luthy","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distributed Education in the 21st Century: Implications for Quality Assurance","volume":"5","author":"Pond","year":"2002","journal-title":"Online J. Distance Learn. Adm."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157145","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2949044","article-title":"Evaluating and Ranking Cloud-Based E-Learning Critical Success Factors (CSFs) Using Combinatorial Approach","volume":"7","author":"Naveed","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makki, A.A., Sindi, H.F., Brdesee, H., Alsaggaf, W., Al-Hayani, A., and Al-Youbi, A.O. (2022). Goal Programming and Mathematical Modelling for Developing a Capacity Planning Decision Support System-Based Framework in Higher Education Institutions. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031702"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diao, P.H., and Shih, N.J. (2019). Trends and Research Issues of Augmented Reality Studies in Architectural and Civil Engineering Education\u2014A Review of Academic Journal Publications. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9091840"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci5020047","article-title":"Virtual Placements to Develop Employability Skills for Civil and Environmental Engineering Students","volume":"5","author":"Paul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahammed, F., and Smith, E. (2019). Prediction of Students\u2019 Performances Using Course Analytics Data: A Case of Water Engineering Course at the University of South Australia. Educ. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci9030245"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozorg-Haddad, O., Zolghadr-Asli, B., and Loaiciga, H.A. (2021). A Handbook on Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Methods, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119563501"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1504\/IJHST.2023.128718","article-title":"Strategic Planning of Rubber Dams by the SWOT and SWOT-AHP Methods in Iran","volume":"15","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrol. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghorbani, M.K., Hamidifar, H., Skoulikaris, C., and Nones, M. (2022). Concept-Based Integration of Project Management and Strategic Management of Rubber Dam Projects Using the SWOT\u2013AHP Method. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14052541"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piya, S., Shamsuzzoha, A., Azizuddin, M., Al-Hinai, N., and Erdebilli, B. (2022). Integrated Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS Method to Analyze Green Management Practice in Hospitality Industry in the Sultanate of Oman. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031118"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1108\/09684881011058669","article-title":"Evaluation of the Factors That Determine Quality in Higher Education: An Empirical Study","volume":"18","author":"Tsinidou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual. Assur. Educ."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"623","article-title":"Research on the University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Comprehensive Evaluation Based on AHP Method","volume":"9","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16259","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2967499","article-title":"Factors Affecting Academic Integrity in E-Learning of Saudi Arabian Universities. an Investigation Using Delphi and AHP","volume":"8","author":"Muhammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayough, A., Shargh, S.B., and Khorshidvand, B. (2023). A New Integrated Approach Based on Base-Criterion and Utility Additive Methods and Its Application to Supplier Selection Problem. Expert Syst. Appl., 221.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119740"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., and Luo, W. (2023). An Integrated Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Rough Technique for Emergency Decision Making. Appl. Soft Comput., 137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110150"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181737","DOI":"10.1080\/23311916.2023.2181737","article-title":"The M-Polar Fuzzy ELECTRE-I Integrated AHP Approach for Selection of Non-Traditional Machining Processes","volume":"10","author":"Jagtap","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogent Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622023500323","article-title":"A Hybrid DEMATEL-TOPSIS Approach Using 2-Tuple Linguistic q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Information and Its Application in Renewable Energy Resource Selection","volume":"23","author":"Naz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Technol. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.31181\/dmame04012023p","article-title":"Generalized Z-Fuzzy Soft \u03b2-Covering Based Rough Matrices and Its Application to MAGDM Problem Based on AHP Method","volume":"6","author":"Sivaprakasam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Decis. Mak. Appl. Manag. Eng."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.08.135","article-title":"Are the Results of MCDA Methods Reliable? Selection of Materials for Thermal Energy Storage","volume":"192","author":"Paradowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"15","article-title":"Applying Cocoso, Mabac, Mairca, Eamr, Topsis and Weight Determination Methods for Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Hole Turning Process","volume":"72","author":"Do","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroj. Cas."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duc Trung, D. (2022). Multi-Criteria Decision Making under the MARCOS Method and the Weighting Methods: Applied to Milling, Grinding and Turning Processes. Manuf. Rev., 9.","DOI":"10.1051\/mfreview\/2022003"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gil-Garc\u00eda, I.C., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Guillam\u00f3n, A. (2023). SMART: Selection Model for Assessment Resources and Techniques. Educ. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci14010023"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broniewicz, E., and Ogrodnik, K. (2021). A Comparative Evaluation of Multi-Criteria Analysis Methods for Sustainable Transport. Energies, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/en14165100"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31181\/dmame0305102022t","article-title":"Evaluating Differences in the Level of Working Conditions between the European Union Member States Using TOPSIS Method","volume":"5","author":"Tutak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Decis. Mak. Appl. Manag. Eng."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.54821\/uiecd.1183443","article-title":"Bibliometric Analysis of the MCDM Methods in the Last Decade: WASPAS, MABAC, EDAS, CODAS, COCOSO, and MARCOS","volume":"4","author":"Ayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Bus. Econ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"884","article-title":"AHP-TOPSIS Method for Learning Object Metadata Evaluation","volume":"7","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s41660-022-00281-z","article-title":"Ranking Green Universities from MCDM Perspective: MABAC with Gini Coefficient-Based Weighting Method","volume":"7","year":"2023","journal-title":"Process Integr. Optim. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2016.11.002","article-title":"Application of Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Methods in SWOT Analysis of Mine Waste Management (Case Study: Sirjan\u2019s Golgohar Iron Mine, Iran)","volume":"51","author":"Shahba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.01.015","article-title":"Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS Approaches to Prioritizing Solutions for Reverse Logistics Barriers","volume":"117","author":"Sirisawat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alqahtani, A.Y., and Rajkhan, A.A. (2020). E-Learning Critical Success Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Analysis of E-Learning Managerial Perspectives. Educ. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci10090216"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huynh-Cam, T.T., Chen, L.S., and Le, H. (2021). Using Decision Trees and Random Forest Algorithms to Predict and Determine Factors Contributing to First-Year University Students\u2019 Learning Performance. Algorithms, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/a14110318"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1680\/jwama.20.00081","article-title":"A Fuzzy Multi-Objective Multiple-Pollutant Model for Rivers Using an Ant Colony Algorithm","volume":"175","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasanzadeh, S.K., Saadatpour, M., and Afshar, A. (2020). A Fuzzy Equilibrium Strategy for Sustainable Water Quality Management in River-Reservoir System. J. Hydrol., 586.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.124892"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.03.203","article-title":"Barriers Analysis for Reverse Logistics Implementation in Indian Electronics Industry Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process","volume":"189","author":"Prakash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"326","article-title":"Applying Decision-Making Techniques to Civil Engineering Projects","volume":"6","author":"Issa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naseem, M.H., Yang, J., and Xiang, Z. (2021). Prioritizing the Solutions to Reverse Logistics Barriers for the E-Commerce Industry in Pakistan Based on a Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS Approach. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132212743"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamidifar, H., Yaghoubi, F., and Rowinski, P.M. (2024). Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods in Prioritizing Structural Flood Control Solutions: A Case Study from Iran. J. Flood Risk Manag., 17.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfr3.12991"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.2166\/aqua.2023.028","article-title":"A Multi-Criteria Multidimensional Model for Optimal Selection of Rural Water Supply Systems","volume":"72","author":"Hamidifar","year":"2023","journal-title":"AQUA-Water Infrastruct. Ecosyst. Soc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nie, J., and Ahmadi Dehrashid, H. (2024). Evaluation of Student Failure in Higher Education by an Innovative Strategy of Fuzzy System Combined Optimization Algorithms and AI. Heliyon, 10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29182"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1","article-title":"Implementation Mechanism of Industry-Education-Creation Mixed Ownership Industrial College Based on AHP Fuzzy Evaluation Model","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Nonlinear Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, S., Wang, C., and Wang, Y. (2024). Fuzzy Evaluation Model for Physical Education Teaching Methods in Colleges and Universities Using Artificial Intelligence. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53177-y"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-022-04534-z","article-title":"A Novel Hybrid MCDM Approach to Evaluate Universities Based on Student Perspective","volume":"128","author":"Ayyildiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Klein, M.F. (1991). A Conceptual Framework for Curriculum Decision Making. The Politics of Curriculum Decision-Making: Issues in Centralizing the Curriculum, State University of New York Press. CIRS: Curriculum Inquiry and Related Studies from Educational Research: A Searchable Bibliography of Selected Studies 1991."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/00405848609543195","article-title":"Alternative Curriculum Conceptions and Designs","volume":"25","author":"Klein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Akker, J., Kuiper, W., and Hameyer, U. (2003). Curriculum Landscapes and Trends, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-1205-7"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.37134\/jictie.vol10.2.7.2023","article-title":"Intelligent Tutoring System: New Criteria and Evaluation to Measure Students\u2019 Degree of Mastery","volume":"10","author":"Khatijah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. ICT Educ."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Akker, J. (2004). Curriculum Perspectives: An Introduction. Curriculum Landscapes and Trends, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-1205-7"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"53","article-title":"Well-Being Educational Curriculum on Elementary Education Based on Elements of Klein\u2019s Syllabus","volume":"5","author":"Eftekhari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Q. J. Educ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burke, M. (2024). A Tale of Three Cities: Thebes, Babylon, and Alexandria. Handbook of the History and Philosophy of Mathematical Practice, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-40846-5_100"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the Overall Quality of the Health Technology Assessment Educational Program from the Perspectives of University Professors and Learners in Iran","volume":"7","author":"Heydari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess. Action"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S.-J., and Hwang, C.-L. (1992). Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-46768-4"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(95)00300-2","article-title":"Applications of the Extent Analysis Method on Fuzzy AHP","volume":"95","author":"Chang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(97)00377-1","article-title":"Extensions of the TOPSIS for Group Decision-Making under Fuzzy Environment","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ba\u010di\u0107, S., Tomi\u0107, H., Rogulj, K., and Andlar, G. (2024). Fuzzy Decision-Making Valuation Model for Urban Green Infrastructure Implementation. Energies, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/en17205162"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuncel, G., and Gunturk, B. (2024). A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Agricultural Land Selection. Sustainability, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/su162310509"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alyamani, R., and Long, S. (2020). The Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process in Sustainable Project Selection. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12208314"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.31181\/oresta2003034z","article-title":"Modelling Procedure for the Selection of Steel Pipes Supplier by Applying Fuzzy AHP Method","volume":"3","author":"Zavadskas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oper. Res. Eng. Sci. Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyke, P. (2014). An Introduction to Laplace Transforms and Fourier Series, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-6395-4"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdul-Hassan, N.Y., Kadum, Z.J., and Ali, A.H. (2024). An Efficient Third-Order Scheme Based on Runge-Kutta and Taylor Series Expansion for Solving Initial Value Problems. Algorithms, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/a17030123"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1052-3928(1995)121:1(30)","article-title":"Case Method for Teaching Water-Resources Management","volume":"121","author":"Grigg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pascoe, S., Farmery, A., Nichols, R., Lothian, S., and Azmi, K. (2024). A Modified Analytic Hierarchy Process Suitable for Online Survey Preference Elicitation. Algorithms, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/a17060245"}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/18\/1\/12\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T15:23:29Z","timestamp":1759850609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/18\/1\/12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["a18010012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a18010012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]}}}