{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T20:45:02Z","timestamp":1784234702935,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into the healthcare system has been revolutionized, promising key advancements in diagnosis, treatment, patient care, administrative tasks, and operational efficiency. Using an in-depth analysis of the extensive amount of research on artificial intelligence and how it could help the medical industry, this study identified eleven barriers and challenges. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used as a methodological approach to determine the relationship between the difficulties extracted and their dependency and driving powers. It resulted in a five-tiered model, with the introduction of innovative and new-generation tools topping the chart as the most dependent challenge. Similarly, Insufficient Data, Data Acquisition, Data Misuse, and Missing Compassion were the key drivers. Therefore, during the implementation of artificial intelligence in medicine, these challenges should be considered. Although artificial intelligence (AI) possesses the groundbreaking power to enhance patient care and operational efficiency in the healthcare sector, there are several key problems that must be addressed for implementation to be fruitful. The order of these challenges was ascertained through interpretive structural modeling, underlining the significance of innovation and data-related issues. Health systems can optimize AI\u2019s benefits and enhance diagnosis, patient care, and overall hospital management by aggressively eliminating its deterrents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a18040189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T03:35:28Z","timestamp":1743132928000},"page":"189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Structural Analysis of AI Implementation Challenges in Healthcare"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Q","family":"Angelina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6627-2186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadija","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5399-7647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2470-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushanta","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saranjit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2023.102321","article-title":"Artificial intelligence innovation in healthcare: Literature review, exploratory analysis, and future research","volume":"74","author":"Zahlan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technol. 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