{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:16:46Z","timestamp":1781101006868,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":211,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper focuses on algorithms and technologies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) networking across different fields of applications. Given the limitations of UAVs in both computations and communications, UAVs usually need algorithms for either low latency or energy efficiency. In addition, coverage problems should be considered to improve UAV deployment in many monitoring or sensing applications. Hence, this work firstly addresses common applications of UAV groups or swarms. Communication routing protocols are then reviewed, as they can make UAVs capable of supporting these applications. Furthermore, control algorithms are examined to ensure UAVs operate in optimal positions for specific purposes. AI-based approaches are considered to enhance UAV performance. We provide either the latest work or evaluations of existing results that can suggest suitable solutions for specific practical applications. This work can be considered as a comprehensive survey for both general and specific problems associated with UAVs in monitoring and sensing fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a18050244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T08:08:41Z","timestamp":1745482121000},"page":"244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Networking Algorithms: Communication, Control, and AI-Based Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4305-7130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mien","family":"Trinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical-Electronic Engineering, University of Transport and Communications, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4584-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology, Thai Nguyen 240000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3638-7584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology, Thai Nguyen 240000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8799-4361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mui","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of International Training, Thai Nguyen University of Technology, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen 240000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6615-4457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"De","family":"Setiadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Quantum Computing and Materials Informatics, Faculty of Computer Science, Dian Nuswantoro University, Semarang 50131, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7034-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of International Training, Thai Nguyen University of Technology, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen 240000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2021.03.001","article-title":"On the fundamental diagram and driving behavior modeling of heterogeneous traffic flow using UAV-based data","volume":"148","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp. 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