{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:21:11Z","timestamp":1765808471056,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd.","award":["031900KC23070046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["031900KC23070046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the present fault detection method for low-voltage distribution networks, it is difficult to detect single-phase grounding faults under complex working conditions. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) support vector machine (SVM)-based grounding fault detection method is proposed for distribution networks. By improving the inertia weight value and introducing a flight-time factor, the PSO algorithm can be improved. The parameters C and g of the SVM can be optimized based on the improved PSO algorithm. Based on the PSO-SVM-based method, a grounding fault detection method can be established. By testing the proposed model in the simulation and experiment, its effectiveness and detection accuracy is validated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a18050259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T05:17:12Z","timestamp":1745903832000},"page":"259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Particle Swarm Optimization Support Vector Machine-Based Grounding Fault Detection Method in Distribution Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhongqin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Limited Liability Company, Dongguan 523000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shichang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Limited Liability Company, Dongguan 523000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Limited Liability Company, Dongguan 523000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Limited Liability Company, Dongguan 523000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zewen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangming","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Study on Grounding Mode of Neutral Point through Arc Suppression Coil in Parallel with Median Resistance","volume":"16","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Fault Location Method for Distribution Network Based on Edge Computing and Wide Area Synchronous Measurement Technology","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"24","article-title":"Research on fault line selection in distribution network based on feature band wavelet packet analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"378","article-title":"Research on intelligent diagnosis and route selection method of multi-load circuit series fault arc","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"105","article-title":"Fault location method for active distribution network based on generalized S transform","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electr. Meas. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"154","article-title":"Sensor fault detection method in distribution network based on energy balance","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Electr. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2020.3045969","article-title":"An identification method for asymmetric faults with line breaks based on low-voltage side data in distribution networks","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2024.3395317","article-title":"Single line-to-ground fault protection method considering three phase-to-ground parameters asymmetry in active flexible grounding systems","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5595","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2677311","article-title":"A Hybrid Current-limiting Circuit for DC Line Fault in Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC System","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/tee.21953","article-title":"High-impedance fault location using matching technique and wavelet transform for underground cable distribution network","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEJ Trans. Electr. Electron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2020.3022422","article-title":"Single-line-to-ground fault feeder selection considering device polarity reverse installation in resonant grounding system","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"5703","article-title":"Transient equivalent circuit and transient analysis of single-phase earth fault in arc suppression coil grounded system","volume":"35","author":"Xue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. CSEE"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"89","article-title":"Over-current protection of micro-grid with distributed generators","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Shanghai Dianji Univ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3519910","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3390697","article-title":"An improved Bayesian learning method for distribution grid fault location and meter deployment optimization","volume":"73","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7708","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2024.3363083","article-title":"Faulty cable segment identification of low-resistance grounded active distributions via grounding wire current-based approach","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"3438","article-title":"Fault Detection of Distribution Network Considering High Impedance Faults","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Power Syst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"2","article-title":"High-impedance fault protection of distribution networks and its developments","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Distrib. Util."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"22","article-title":"The analysis of earth fault with high resistance to longitudinal distance protection","volume":"3","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Shanxi Electr. Power"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2776310","article-title":"Intelligent fault detection scheme for microgrids with wavelet-based deep neural networks","volume":"10","author":"James","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"551","article-title":"A method to fast recognize short-circuit fault based on curvature of line current wave form","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Power Syst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2010.2041373","article-title":"Detection of incipient faults in distribution underground cables","volume":"25","author":"Sidhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2008.917919","article-title":"Hybrid fault diagnosis scheme implementation for power distribution systems automation","volume":"23","author":"Salim","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"38","article-title":"A study of wavelet entropy theory and its application in electric power system fault detection","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. CSEE"}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/18\/5\/259\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:23:49Z","timestamp":1760030629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/18\/5\/259"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["a18050259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a18050259","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4893"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]}}}