{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T20:04:31Z","timestamp":1780776271452,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The exponential growth of digital data and the escalating sophistication of cyber threats have intensified the demand for secure yet computationally efficient encryption methods. Conventional algorithms (e.g., AES-based schemes) are cryptographically strong and widely deployed; however, some implementations can face performance bottlenecks in large-scale or real-time workloads. While many modern systems seed from hardware entropy sources and employ standardized cryptographic PRNGs\/DRBGs, security can still be degraded in practice by weak entropy initialization, misconfiguration, or the use of non-cryptographic deterministic generators in certain environments. To address these gaps, this study introduces FileCipher. This novel file-encryption framework integrates a chaos-enhanced Cryptographically Secure Pseudorandom Number Generator (CPRNG) based on the State-Based Tent Map (SBTM). The proposed design achieves a balanced trade-off between security and efficiency through dynamic key generation, adaptive block reshaping, and structured confusion\u2013diffusion processes. The SBTM-driven CPRNG introduces adaptive seeding and multi-key feedback, ensuring high entropy and sensitivity to initial conditions. A multi-threaded Java implementation demonstrates approximately 60% reduction in encryption time compared with AES-CBC, validating FileCipher\u2019s scalability in parallel execution environments. Statistical evaluations using NIST SP 800-22, SP 800-90B, Dieharder, and TestU01 confirm superior randomness with over 99% pass rates, while Avalanche Effect analysis indicates bit-change ratios near 50%, proving strong diffusion characteristics. The results highlight FileCipher\u2019s novelty in combining nonlinear chaotic dynamics with lightweight parallel architecture, offering a robust, platform-independent solution for secure data storage and transmission. Ultimately, this paper contributes a reproducible, entropy-stable, and high-performance cryptographic mechanism that redefines the efficiency\u2013security balance in modern encryption systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a19020119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:12:46Z","timestamp":1770041566000},"page":"119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["FileCipher: A Chaos-Enhanced CPRNG-Based Algorithm for Parallel File Encryption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4442-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yousef","family":"Sanjalawe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, King Abdullah II School for Information Technology, University of Jordan (JU), Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5240-286X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Al-Daraiseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information Technology, American University of Madaba (AUM), Amman 11821, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2134-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salam","family":"Al-E\u2019mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Security, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Petra (UoP), Amman 11196, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2894-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharif Naser","family":"Makhadmeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, King Abdullah II School for Information Technology, University of Jordan (JU), Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Daraiseh, A., Sanjalawe, Y., Al-E\u2019mari, S., Fraihat, S., Bany Taha, M., and Al-Muhammed, M. 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