{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T11:22:49Z","timestamp":1772709769968,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"basic scientific research projects of higher education institutions in Liaoning Province","award":["LJ242511632001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ242511632001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As smart grids evolve into complex cyber-physical systems, conventional static defenses struggle to address time-varying topologies and Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). We propose the Security Framework for Resilient Smart Grids based on Self-Organizing Graph Neural Cellular Automata (SG-GNC). Specifically, a Neural Homeostatic Embedding (NHE) mechanism utilizes variational graph autoencoders to construct a continuous health manifold for unsupervised anomaly detection, while a Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) engine employs shared-weight local rules to empower nodes with decentralized self-healing capabilities. Finally, a Generative Adversarial Immunity (GAI) strategy facilitates active defense co-evolution, enhancing robustness against zero-day attacks. Experimental results on the IEEE 118 and 300-bus systems demonstrate an average detection accuracy of 98.23%, significantly outperforming benchmarks. In scenarios involving dynamic topology and zero-day attacks, the framework maintains over 96% accuracy with an inference latency of only 9.45 ms. These findings validate the capability of SG-GNC to provide resilient, endogenous defense in complex heterogeneous environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a19030195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:31:14Z","timestamp":1772706674000},"page":"195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Security Framework for Resilient Smart Grids Based on Self-Organizing Graph Neural Cellular Automata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rongxu","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Fibrlink Communications Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeshen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Gridcom Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pizhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102647","article-title":"Securing Modern Power Systems: Implementing Comprehensive Strategies to Enhance Resilience and Reliability against Cyber-Attacks","volume":"23","author":"Abdelkader","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-023-00732-9","article-title":"Cybersecurity Challenges in IoT-based Smart Renewable Energy","volume":"23","author":"Rekeraho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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