{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T20:47:00Z","timestamp":1782420420129,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]],"date-time":"2013-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present paper focuses on the development of an algorithm for safely and optimally managing the routing of aircraft on an airport surface in future airport operations. This tool is intended to support air traffic controllers\u2019 decision-making in selecting the paths of all aircraft and the engine startup approval time for departing ones. Optimal routes are sought for minimizing the time both arriving and departing aircraft spend on an airport surface with engines on, with benefits in terms of safety, efficiency and costs. The proposed algorithm first computes a standalone, shortest path solution from runway to apron or vice versa, depending on the aircraft being inbound or outbound, respectively. For taking into account the constraints due to other traffic on an airport surface, this solution is amended by a conflict detection and resolution task that attempts to reduce and possibly nullify the number of conflicts generated in the first phase. An example application on a simple Italian airport exemplifies how the algorithm can be applied to true-world applications. Emphasis is given on how to model an airport surface as a weighted and directed graph with non-negative weights, as required for the input to the algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a6030494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]],"date-time":"2013-08-16T12:14:49Z","timestamp":1376655289000},"page":"494-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An Algorithm for Managing Aircraft Movement on an  Airport Surface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Urbano","family":"Tancredi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Technologies, University of Naples \"Parthenope\", Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, Naples I80143, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8843-0109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Accardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Naples \"Federico II\", P.le Tecchio 80, Naples I80125, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2205-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarmine","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Naples \"Federico II\", P.le Tecchio 80, Naples I80125, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1236-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Renga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Naples \"Federico II\", P.le Tecchio 80, Naples I80125, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6353-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Rufino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Naples \"Federico II\", P.le Tecchio 80, Naples I80125, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Maresca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Selex ES S.p.A. via Circumvallazione Esterna, 80014, Giugliano in Campania, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Druce, C., and Quiles, G. (, January March). Integrating Airports into the ATM Network. Airport Operations SESAR Technical Workshop, ATC Global 2012, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Eurocontrol (2012). Airport CDM Implementation\u2014The Manual, Eurocontrol. Version 4."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Kaufhold, R., Pacaud, N., and Lynch, B. (, January March). The Integrated Sequencing of Airport Traffic. Airport Operations SESAR Technical Workshop, ATC Global 2012, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732828:1","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/732828","article-title":"Optimal airport surface traffic planning using mixed-integer linear programming","volume":"2008","author":"Roling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Aerosp. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-006-7381-2","article-title":"Airport Management: Taxi planning","volume":"143","author":"Marin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Soomera, J.S.M., de Waalc, P.R., and van der Meib, R.D. (2004). An optimisation model for airport taxi scheduling. Oper. Res., 1."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2011.2131650","article-title":"Optimization of Taxiway Routing and Runway Scheduling","volume":"4","author":"Clare","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Gerdes, I., and Temme, A. (,  2012). Taxi routing for aircraft: Creation and Controlling. Proceedings of the Second SESAR Innovation Days, Braunschweig, Germany."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Jason, A.D.A., Burke, E.K., and Ravizza, S. (,  2010). The Airport Ground Movement Problem: Past and Current Research and Future Directions. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research in Air Transportation (ICRAT), Budapest, Hungary."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Orefice, M., Accardo, D., Tancredi, U., Maresca, G., and Berardi, G. (2012, January 29\u201331). A Model of Apron Travel Time for Automatic Aircraft Routing Applications in Airport Taxiways. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Application and Theory of Automation in Command and Control Systems, London, UK."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Kreyszig, E. (2005). Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley and Sons. [9th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. (1997). Vehicle Location and Navigation Systems, Artech House, Inc.. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2004). Aeronautical Information Services, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). [12th ed.]. International Standards and Recommended Practices, Annex 15 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2013). Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)-Italy, ENAV-AIS."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Torrano, G. (2011). Stima delle prestazioni di un tool di conflict resolution per la gestione automatica del traffico nelle taxiway aeroportuali (in Italian). [Master Thesis, University of Naples Federico II]."}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/6\/3\/494\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:48:41Z","timestamp":1760219321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/6\/3\/494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["a6030494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a6030494","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]]}}}