{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:40:44Z","timestamp":1760218844565,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Control valve is a kind of essential terminal control component which is hard to model by traditional methodologies because of its complexity and nonlinearity. This paper proposes a new modeling method for the upstream pressure of control valve using the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), which has been successfully used to identify nonlinear system. In order to improve the modeling performance, the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is used to optimize two critical parameters of LS-SVM. As an example, a set of actual production data from a controlling system of chlorine in a salt chemistry industry is applied. The validity of LS-SVM modeling method using FOA is verified by comparing the predicted results with the actual data with a value of MSE 2.474 \u00d7 10\u22123. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the initial position of FOA does not affect its optimal ability. By comparison, simulation experiments based on PSO algorithm and the grid search method are also carried out. The results show that LS-SVM based on FOA has equal performance in prediction accuracy. However, from the respect of calculation time, FOA has a significant advantage and is more suitable for the online prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a7030363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]],"date-time":"2014-07-11T10:48:29Z","timestamp":1405075709000},"page":"363-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pressure Model of Control Valve Based on LS-SVM with the Fruit Fly Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Huang","family":"Aiqin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China"},{"name":"Electrical Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1448","article-title":"Design and experimental research on a seawater hydraulic flow control valve with pressure compensation","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"China Mech. 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