{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:18:54Z","timestamp":1774066734377,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-sensor and information fusion technology based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is applied in the system of a building fire alarm to realize early detecting and alarming. By using a multi-sensor to monitor the parameters of the fire process, such as light, smoke, temperature, gas and moisture, the range of fire monitoring in space and time is expanded compared with a single-sensor system. Then, the D-S evidence theory is applied to fuse the information from the multi-sensor with the specific fire model, and the fire alarm is more accurate and timely. The proposed method can avoid the failure of the monitoring data effectively, deal with the conflicting evidence from the multi-sensor robustly and improve the reliability of fire warning significantly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a7040523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T10:28:18Z","timestamp":1413282498000},"page":"523-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Multi-Sensor Building Fire Alarm System with Information Fusion Technology Based on D-S Evidence Theory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Bayi Road 16, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenghong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Bayi Road 16, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Bayi Road 16, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaohui","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Bayi Road 16, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.3390\/s110302899","article-title":"An emergency-adaptive routing scheme for wireless sensor networks for building fire hazard monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Beaubrun, R., and Kraimia, Y. (2012, January 19\u201324). Experiments for fire detection using a wireless sensor network. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, Rome, Italy."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Hu, X. (2012, January 25\u201328). Application of fuzzy data fusion in multi-sensor fire monitoring. Proceedings of the 2012 International Symposium on Instrumentation & Measurement, Sensor Network and Automation (IMSNA), Sanya, China."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"97","article-title":"Sensor models and multi-sensor integration","volume":"17","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1987.6499307","article-title":"Shafer-dempster reasoning with applications to multi-sensor target identification systems","volume":"17","author":"Bogler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Syst. 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Netw., 2013.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/948641"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/21.259681","article-title":"An evidential reasoning approach for multiple-attribute decision making with uncertainty","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Abidi, M.A., and Gonzalez, R.C. (1992). Data Fusion in Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Academic Press Inc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Gao, L., Li, Y., and Si, X. (2009, January 19\u201321). The application of improving space-time D-S evidence theory in distinguishing vehicle. Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics & Electronics, Shanghai, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/PRIMEASIA.2009.5397368"}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/7\/4\/523\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:16:56Z","timestamp":1760217416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/7\/4\/523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["a7040523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a7040523","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]}}}