{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T14:00:30Z","timestamp":1766066430369,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Algorithms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chest computed tomography (CT) is the most commonly used technique for the inspection of lung lesions. However, the lobe fissures in lung CT is still difficult to observe owing to its imaging structure. Therefore, in this paper, we aimed to develop an efficient tracking framework to extract the lobe fissures by the proposed modified ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. We used the method of increasing the consistency of pheromone on lobe fissure to improve the accuracy of path tracking. In order to validate the proposed system, we had tested our method in a database from 15 lung patients. In the experiment, the quantitative assessment shows that the proposed ACO method achieved the average F-measures of 80.9% and 82.84% in left and right lungs, respectively.  The experiments indicate our method results more satisfied performance, and can help investigators detect lung lesion for further examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/a7040635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T11:06:32Z","timestamp":1416827192000},"page":"635-649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Lobe Fissure Tracking by the Modified Ant Colony Optimization Framework in CT Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Chii-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University,  Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chih","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Pinn","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2383050167","article-title":"Pulmonary nodules: Estimation of malignancy at thin-section helical CT\u2014Effect of computer-aided diagnosis on performance of radiologists","volume":"4","author":"Awai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2008.04.001","article-title":"Computer-aided differentiation of malignant from benign solitary pulmonary nodules imaged by high-resolution CT","volume":"7","author":"Iwano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Med. Imaging Graph."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhnigk, J.M., Hahn, H.K., Hindennach, M., Dicken, V., Krass, S., and Peitgen, H.O. (2003, January 15). Lung lobe segmentation by anatomy-guided 3D watershed transform. Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 2003, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.480321"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2006.05.003","article-title":"Pulmonary fissure segmentation on CT","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lassen, B., Kuhnigk, J.M., Friman, O., Krass, S., and Peitgen, H.O. (2010, January 14\u201317). Automatic Segmentation of Lung Lobes in CT Images Based on Fissures, Vessels, and Bronchi. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Imaging, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2010.5490284"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Segmentation of Lung Lobes and Nodules in CT Images","volume":"1","author":"Anitha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Signal Image Process."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benatcha, K., Koudil, M., Benkhelat, N., and Boukir, Y. (July, January 30). ISA An algorithm for image segmentation using ants. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2008), Cambridge, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.2008.4677258"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2006.329691","article-title":"Ant colony optimization","volume":"1","author":"Dorigo","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.484436","article-title":"Ant system: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents","volume":"26","author":"Dorigo","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B Cybern."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-2647(97)01708-5","article-title":"Ant colonies for the travelling salesman problem","volume":"43","author":"Dorigo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Lee, J.W., Kim, J.J., and Lee, J.J. (2009, January 5\u20138). Improved Ant Colony Optimization algorithm by path crossover for optimal path planning. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE2009), Seoul, South Korea."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, M.E., Kim, S.H., Cho, W.H., Park, W., and Lim, J.S. (2009, January 22\u201324). Segmentation of Brain MR Images Using an Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm. Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE 2009), Taichung, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIBE.2009.58"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Lee, M.E., and Kim, S.H. (2008, January 23\u201325). Improved Image Thresholding Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Language Processing and Web Information Technology (ALPIT 2008), Dalian, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ALPIT.2008.105"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., and Chang, J. (2010, January 11\u201312). Analysis of Image Edge Checking Algorithms for the Estimation of Pear Size. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, Changsha, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICTA.2010.363"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","article-title":"A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms","volume":"1","author":"Otsu","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Appia, V., Patil, U., and Das, B. (2010, January 13). Lung fissure detection in CT images using global minimal paths. Proceedings of the SPIE Medical Imaging 2010, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.844595"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"37","article-title":"Evaluation: From precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, informedness, markedness and correlation","volume":"2","author":"Powers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Learn. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, X. (2008, January 12\u201318). Multi-scale Improves Boundary Detection in Natural Images. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision, Marseille, France.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88690-7_40"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokkinos, I. (2010, January 5\u201311). Boundary Detection Using F-Measure-, Filter- and Feature-(F3) Boost. Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Computer Vision, Heraklion, Greece.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15552-9_47"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galun, M., Basri, R., and Brandt, A. (2007, January 14\u201321). Multiscale Edge Detection and Fiber Enhancement Using Differences of Oriented Means. Proceedings of the IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV 2007), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4408920"}],"container-title":["Algorithms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/7\/4\/635\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:09:51Z","timestamp":1760216991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4893\/7\/4\/635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["a7040635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a7040635","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4893"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1999-4893"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]}}}