{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:30:44Z","timestamp":1774978244454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Portfolio decisions are affected by the volatility of financial markets and investors\u2019 risk tolerance levels. To better allocate portfolios; we introduce risk tolerance into the portfolio management problem by considering the risk contribution of portfolio components. In this paper, portfolio weights are allocated to two stages. In the first stage, the portfolio risks and the risk contribution of each share are forecasted. In the second stage, we put forward three weighting techniques\u2014\u201caggressive\u201d, \u201cmoderate\u201d and \u201cconservative\u201d, according to three standard levels of risk tolerance. In addition, a new risk measure called \u201cjoint extreme risk probability\u201d (JERP), with risk tolerance taken into account, is proposed. A case study of the Chinese financial industry is conducted to verify the performance of our methods. The empirical results demonstrate that weighting techniques constrained by risk tolerance lead to higher gains in a normal market and less loss when a market is risky. Compared with risk-tolerance-adjusted strategies, the relationship between the performance of the traditional conditional value at risk (CVaR) minimization method and the market risk level is less obviously demonstrated. Viewed from the results, JERP functions as an effective signal that helps investors to deal with potential market risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms11030134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T03:34:13Z","timestamp":1647401653000},"page":"134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Role of Risk Forecast and Risk Tolerance in Portfolio Management: A Case Study of the Chinese Financial Sector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-6015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250000, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8995-6241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangnan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6546-0281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250000, China"}]},{"given":"Songsak","family":"Sriboonchitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2307\/1909829","article-title":"Exposition of a new theory on the measurement of risk","volume":"22","author":"Bernoulli","year":"1954","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-005-9010-5","article-title":"Do Investment Risk Tolerance Attitudes Predict Portfolio Risk?","volume":"20","author":"Corter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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