{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T05:59:44Z","timestamp":1763445584239,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62002289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62002289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The filled function method is an effective way to solve global optimization problems. However, its effectiveness is greatly affected by the selection of parameters, and the non-continuous or non-differentiable properties of the constructed filled function. To overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, in this paper, a new parameterless filled function is proposed that is continuous and differentiable. Theoretical proofs have been made to show the properties of the proposed filled function. Based on the new filled function, a filled function algorithm is proposed to solve unconstrained global optimization problems. Experiments are carried out on widely used test problems and an application of supply chain problems with equality and inequality constraints. The numerical results show that the proposed filled function is effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms11120746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T08:41:41Z","timestamp":1671439301000},"page":"746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A New Parameterless Filled Function Method for Global Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6696-0085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shouheng","family":"Tuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01585737","article-title":"A filled function method for finding a global minimizer of a function of several variables","volume":"46","author":"Ge","year":"1990","journal-title":"Math. 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