{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:18:17Z","timestamp":1771467497463,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","award":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2023\/R\/1444"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main objective of this unmanned ground vehicle is to deal with the security issues like terrorist activities across the border and in various remote combat missions by reducing the involvement of soldiers. This unmanned ground robot comprises a wireless high-definition camera that can transfer live streams from the robot to headquarters using Wi-Fi. The robot\u2019s movement can be controlled with two modes; one of them is a radio controller working on 2.4 GHz frequency with seven independent channels. Secondly, its movement can also be controlled using a Python-based GUI application. Nowadays, different techniques have been used for face recognition; in our remotely piloted robot, we have used Haar-cascade classifiers in combination with the LBPH algorithm to implement real-time facial recognition. The robot uses a rack and pinion driving mechanism and an ATMEL Cortex-M3 CPU as a controller with 32-bit\/s processing speed. In addition, a laser is installed on the turret to shoot the targets down, which can be used in an autonomous mode based on facial recognition results, or it can be used manually either through an RF controller or Python-based GUI. The turret moves in 2-DOF with the help of metallic geared servo motors. Both servo motors can rotate up to 180\u00b0. The driving mechanism of the robotic tank is just like DDR, with one difference, the two DC gear motors of the robot are connected diagonally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms12020176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T06:00:05Z","timestamp":1675836005000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Radio-Controlled Intelligent UGV as a Spy Robot with Laser Targeting for Military Purposes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2304-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Zia Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Umair","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4906-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Azeem","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, LUT University, 15210 Lappeenranta, Finland"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Tanveer","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering (DEI), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Abdu H.","family":"Gumaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Nasir","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1767","article-title":"Military Robot for Reconnaissance and Surveillance using Image Processing","volume":"4","author":"Ghouse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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Eng."}],"container-title":["Axioms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1680\/12\/2\/176\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:28:13Z","timestamp":1760120893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1680\/12\/2\/176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["axioms12020176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/axioms12020176","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]}}}