{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:34:21Z","timestamp":1773840861374,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education","award":["18YJC630108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YJC630108"]}]},{"name":"the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education","award":["2019KJ233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KJ233"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission","award":["18YJC630108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YJC630108"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission","award":["2019KJ233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KJ233"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional fault tree analysis is an effective tool used to evaluate system risk if the required data are sufficient. Unfortunately, the operation and maintenance data of some complex systems are difficult to obtain due to economic or technical reasons. The solution is to invite experts to evaluate some critical aspect of the performance of the system. In this study, the belief degrees of the occurrence of basic events evaluated by experts are measured by an uncertain measure. Then, a system risk assessment method based on an uncertain fault tree is proposed, based on which two general optimization models are established. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm (GA) and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) are applied to solve the two optimization models, separately. In addition, the proposed risk assessment method is applied for the leakage risk evaluation of a subsea production system, and the two general optimization models are used to optimize the leakage risk and maintenance cost of the subsea production system. The optimization results provide a theoretical basis for practitioners to guarantee the safety of subsea production system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms12020194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T02:14:11Z","timestamp":1676254451000},"page":"194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Optimization of Leakage Risk and Maintenance Cost for a Subsea Production System Based on Uncertain Fault Tree"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jianyin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"No. 3 Department, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China"}]},{"given":"Liuying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"No. 3 Department, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"No. 3 Department, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2018.07.016","article-title":"Maintenance optimization of series systems subject to reliability constraints","volume":"180","author":"Faddoul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reliab. 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