{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T19:46:06Z","timestamp":1772912766081,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51704140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51704140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-MS-340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-MS-340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJKZ0347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20SKGH163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SKGH163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51704140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51704140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-MS-340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-MS-340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJKZ0347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20SKGH163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SKGH163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province","award":["51704140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51704140"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province","award":["2021-MS-340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-MS-340"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province","award":["LJKZ0347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0347"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province","award":["20SKGH163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SKGH163"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["51704140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51704140"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["2021-MS-340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-MS-340"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["LJKZ0347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJKZ0347"]}]},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","award":["20SKGH163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SKGH163"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Queueing systems with strategic servers are common in the service industry. The self-interested service rate decision of the strategic server will be detrimental to the queueing system. To improve the service rates, designing incentive contracts for the server from the queueing system owner\u2019s perspective is critical. This study investigates the incentive contracts of queueing systems under exogenous and endogenous price scenarios. The unit-price and cost-sharing contracts are introduced to coordinate the queueing system. The effects of pricing mechanisms and contract types on the queueing system are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The results reveal that regardless of whether the price scenario is exogenous or endogenous, the cost-sharing contract is more effective than the unit-price contract in incentivizing the server to make a service effort. The cost-sharing contract with endogenous price can reduce the service price. The cost-sharing contract can boost profits for both the owner and server, albeit with conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms12030272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T03:22:05Z","timestamp":1678072925000},"page":"272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incentive Contracts for a Queueing System with a Strategic Server: A Principal-Agent Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.1120.0406","article-title":"Strategic queueing behavior and its impact on system performance in service systems with the congestion-based staffing policy","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Manuf. 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