{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T21:48:10Z","timestamp":1771710490352,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science","award":["PID2019-111100RB-C21 \/AEI\/ 10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111100RB-C21 \/AEI\/ 10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science","award":["21S09355-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21S09355-001"]}]},{"name":"Barcelona City Council","award":["PID2019-111100RB-C21 \/AEI\/ 10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111100RB-C21 \/AEI\/ 10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Barcelona City Council","award":["21S09355-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21S09355-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present a novel framework for enriching time series data in smart cities by supplementing it with information from external sources via semantic data enrichment. Our methodology effectively merges multiple data sources into a uniform time series, while addressing difficulties such as data quality, contextual information, and time lapses. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method through a case study in Barcelona, which permitted the use of advanced analysis methods such as windowed cross-correlation and peak picking. The resulting time series data can be used to determine traffic patterns and has potential uses in other smart city sectors, such as air quality, energy efficiency, and public safety. Interactive dashboards enable stakeholders to visualize and summarize key insights and patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms12040349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T02:10:13Z","timestamp":1680487813000},"page":"349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Join Operation for Semantic Data Enrichment of Asynchronous Time Series Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9503-5091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloi","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Barcelona School of Building Construction, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTECH, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4734-2414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Peyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunication, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1504-5354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carles","family":"Serrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Barcelona School of Building Construction, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTECH, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6569-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatos","family":"Xhafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Barcelona School of Building Construction, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTECH, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azad, S.A., Wasimi, S., and Ali, A.S. 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