{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T03:54:58Z","timestamp":1778298898733,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004001","name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QKHJC-ZK[2021]YB017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKHJC-ZK[2021]YB017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004001","name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QKHJC-ZK[2023]YB036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKHJC-ZK[2023]YB036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004001","name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QJJ[2022]098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QJJ[2022]098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Education Department Higher Education Institution Youth Science Research Projects","award":["QKHJC-ZK[2021]YB017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKHJC-ZK[2021]YB017"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Education Department Higher Education Institution Youth Science Research Projects","award":["QKHJC-ZK[2023]YB036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKHJC-ZK[2023]YB036"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Education Department Higher Education Institution Youth Science Research Projects","award":["QJJ[2022]098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QJJ[2022]098"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-ferrous metals are important bulk commodities and play a significant part in the development of society. Their price forecast is of great reference value for investors and policymakers. However, developing a robust price forecast model is tricky due to the price\u2019s drastic fluctuations. In this work, a novel fusion model based on Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is constructed for non-ferrous metals price forecast. Considering the complexity of their price change, the dual-stage signal preprocessing which combines CEEMDAN and SSA is utilized. Firstly, we use the CEEMDAN algorithm to decompose the original nonlinear price sequence into multiple Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and a residual. Secondly, the component with maximum sample entropy is decomposed by SSA; this is the so-called Multivariate Mode Decomposition (MMD). A series of experimental results show that the proposed MMD-LSTM method is more stable and robust than the other seven benchmark models, providing a more reasonable scheme for the price forecast of non-ferrous metals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms12070670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T01:02:50Z","timestamp":1688950970000},"page":"670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Novel Non-Ferrous Metals Price Forecast Model Based on LSTM and Multivariate Mode Decomposition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhanglong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunlei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9176-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinghao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"},{"name":"Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Yongriver Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jizhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoneco.2019.02.004","article-title":"Commodity-price comovement and global economic activity","volume":"112","author":"Ron","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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