{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T18:03:35Z","timestamp":1782583415970,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The quantum-inspired genetic algorithm (QGA), which combines quantum mechanics concepts and GA to enhance search capability, has been popular and provides an efficient search mechanism. This paper proposes a modified QGA, called dynamic QGA (DQGA). The proposed algorithm utilizes a lengthening chromosome strategy for a balanced and smooth transition between exploration and exploitation phases to avoid local optima and premature convergence. Apart from that, a novel adaptive look-up table for rotation gates is presented to boost the algorithm\u2019s optimization abilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of these ideas, DQGA is tested by various mathematical benchmark functions as well as real-world constrained engineering problems against several well-known and state-of-the-art algorithms. The obtained results indicate the merits of the proposed algorithm and its superiority for solving multimodal benchmark functions and real-world constrained engineering problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms12100978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:25:09Z","timestamp":1697531109000},"page":"978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Modified Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithm Using Lengthening Chromosome Size and an Adaptive Look-Up Table to Avoid Local Optima"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shahin","family":"Hakemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 9187147578, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahboobeh","family":"Houshmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 9187147578, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0211-6248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyyed Abed","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 9187147578, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1736-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xujuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemanth, J., and Balas, V. 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