{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:04:02Z","timestamp":1769040242111,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2022 Young Innovative Talents Project of Guangdong Colleges and Universities","award":["2022KQNCX138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KQNCX138"]}]},{"name":"2022 Young Innovative Talents Project of Guangdong Colleges and Universities","award":["2023GXJK615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXJK615"]}]},{"name":"2022 Young Innovative Talents Project of Guangdong Colleges and Universities","award":["GDJG2208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDJG2208"]}]},{"name":"2022 Young Innovative Talents Project of Guangdong Colleges and Universities","award":["2022ZXKC579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZXKC579"]}]},{"name":"2022 Young Innovative Talents Project of Guangdong Colleges and Universities","award":["2023GZGJ103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GZGJ103"]}]},{"name":"2023 Guangdong Province Education Science Planning Project","award":["2022KQNCX138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KQNCX138"]}]},{"name":"2023 Guangdong Province Education Science Planning Project","award":["2023GXJK615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXJK615"]}]},{"name":"2023 Guangdong Province Education Science Planning Project","award":["GDJG2208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDJG2208"]}]},{"name":"2023 Guangdong Province Education Science Planning Project","award":["2022ZXKC579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZXKC579"]}]},{"name":"2023 Guangdong Province Education Science Planning Project","award":["2023GZGJ103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GZGJ103"]}]},{"name":"2022 The Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong Province","award":["2022KQNCX138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KQNCX138"]}]},{"name":"2022 The Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong Province","award":["2023GXJK615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXJK615"]}]},{"name":"2022 The Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong Province","award":["GDJG2208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDJG2208"]}]},{"name":"2022 The Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong Province","award":["2022ZXKC579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZXKC579"]}]},{"name":"2022 The Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong Province","award":["2023GZGJ103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GZGJ103"]}]},{"name":"2022 Research project of Guangdong Undergraduate Open Online Course Steering Committee","award":["2022KQNCX138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KQNCX138"]}]},{"name":"2022 Research project of Guangdong Undergraduate Open Online Course Steering Committee","award":["2023GXJK615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXJK615"]}]},{"name":"2022 Research project of Guangdong Undergraduate Open Online Course Steering Committee","award":["GDJG2208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDJG2208"]}]},{"name":"2022 Research project of Guangdong Undergraduate Open Online Course Steering Committee","award":["2022ZXKC579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZXKC579"]}]},{"name":"2022 Research project of Guangdong Undergraduate Open Online Course Steering Committee","award":["2023GZGJ103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GZGJ103"]}]},{"name":"14th Five-Year Plan for the development of philosophy and social sciences in Guangzhou","award":["2022KQNCX138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KQNCX138"]}]},{"name":"14th Five-Year Plan for the development of philosophy and social sciences in Guangzhou","award":["2023GXJK615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXJK615"]}]},{"name":"14th Five-Year Plan for the development of philosophy and social sciences in Guangzhou","award":["GDJG2208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDJG2208"]}]},{"name":"14th Five-Year Plan for the development of philosophy and social sciences in Guangzhou","award":["2022ZXKC579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZXKC579"]}]},{"name":"14th Five-Year Plan for the development of philosophy and social sciences in Guangzhou","award":["2023GZGJ103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GZGJ103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To reduce the economic losses caused by debt evasion amongst lost-link borrowers (LBs) and improve the efficiency of finding information on LBs, this paper focuses on the cross-platform information collaborative search optimization problem for LBs. Given the limitations of platform\/system heterogeneity, data type diversity, and the complexity of collaborative control in cross-platform information search for LBs, a collaborative search model for LBs\u2019 information based on multi-agent technology is proposed. Additionally, a multi-agent Q-learning algorithm for the collaborative scheduling of multi-search subtasks is designed. We use the Q-learning algorithm based on function approximation to update the description model of the LBs. The multi-agent collaborative search problem is transformed into a reinforcement learning problem by defining search states, search actions, and reward functions. The results indicate that: (i) this model greatly improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the search for key information of LBs compared with traditional search engines; (ii) during searching for the information of LBs, the agent is more inclined to search on platforms and data types with larger environmental rewards, and the multi-agent Q-learning algorithm has a stronger ability to acquire information value than the transition probability matrix algorithm and the probability statistical algorithm for the same number of searches; (iii) the optimal search times of the multi-agent Q-learning algorithm are between 14 and 100. Users can flexibly set the number of searches within this range. It is significant for improving the efficiency of finding key information related to LBs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms12111033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T10:51:28Z","timestamp":1699008688000},"page":"1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Collaborative Search Model for Lost-Link Borrowers Information Based on Multi-Agent Q-Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8374-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ge","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Literature and Media, Nanfang College Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510970, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4732-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9642-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abd Alwahed","family":"Dagestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7448-8315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alnafrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-05-2018-0072","article-title":"Empirical studies of collaborative information seeking: A review of methodological issues","volume":"75","author":"Hertzum","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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