{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:41:28Z","timestamp":1760150488484,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2572022DJ07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2572022DJ07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we introduce the Crowley\u2013Martin functional response and nonlocal competition into a reaction\u2013diffusion immunosuppressive infection model. First, we analyze the existence and stability of the positive constant steady states of the systems with nonlocal competition and local competition, respectively. Second, we deduce the conditions for the occurrence of Turing, Hopf, and Turing\u2013Hopf bifurcations of the system with nonlocal competition, as well as the conditions for the occurrence of Hopf bifurcations of the system with local competition. Furthermore, we employ the multiple time scales method to derive the normal forms of the Hopf bifurcations reduced on the center manifold for both systems. Finally, we conduct numerical simulations for both systems under the same parameter settings, compare the impact of nonlocal competition, and find that the nonlocal term can induce spatially inhomogeneous stable periodic solutions. We also provide corresponding biological explanations for the simulation results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms12121085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T11:54:48Z","timestamp":1701086088000},"page":"1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Diffusive Immunosuppressive Infection Model with Nonlocal Competition and Crowley\u2013Martin Functional Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"}]},{"given":"Jinli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0337483100","article-title":"Boosting immunity by antiviral drug therapy: A simple relationship among timing, efficacy, and success","volume":"100","author":"Komarova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. 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