{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:48:43Z","timestamp":1760143723034,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Axioms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A probability-based approach, combining deterministic and probabilistic methods, was developed for analyzing building and component failures, which are especially crucial for complex structures like nuclear power plants. This method links finite element and probabilistic software to assess structural integrity under static and dynamic loads. This study uses NEPTUNE software, which is validated, for a deterministic transient analysis and ProFES software for probabilistic models. In a case study, deterministic analyses with varied random variables were transferred to ProFES for probabilistic analyses of piping failure and wall damage. A Monte Carlo Simulation, First-Order Reliability Method, and combined methods were employed for probabilistic analyses under severe transient loading, focusing on a postulated accident at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. The study considered uncertainties in material properties, component geometry, and loads. The results showed the Monte Carlo Simulation method to be conservative for high failure probabilities but less so for low probabilities. The Response Surface\/Monte Carlo Simulation method explored the impact load\u2013failure probability relationship. Given the uncertainties in material properties and loads in complex structures, a deterministic analysis alone is insufficient. Probabilistic analysis is imperative for extreme loading events and credible structural safety evaluations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms13030154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T05:20:32Z","timestamp":1709011232000},"page":"154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Probabilistic Assessment of Structural Integrity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8370-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robertas","family":"Alzbutas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos Str. 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 Str. 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7490-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gintautas","family":"Dundulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos Str. 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Kaunas University of Technology, Student\u0173 Str. 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-003-0345-0","article-title":"Reliability-Based Design Optimization for Crashworthiness of Vehicle Side Impact","volume":"26","author":"Youn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Struct. 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