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Early detection and timely treatment are crucial factors in improving patient outcomes for any medical condition. Traditionally, doctors diagnose respiratory conditions through an investigation process that involves listening to the patient\u2019s lungs. This study explores the potential of combining audio analysis with convolutional neural networks to detect respiratory conditions in patients. Given the significant impact of proper hyperparameter selection on network performance, contemporary optimizers are employed to enhance efficiency. Moreover, a modified algorithm is introduced that is tailored to the specific demands of this study. The proposed approach is validated using a real-world medical dataset and has demonstrated promising results. Two experiments are conducted: the first tasked models with respiratory condition detection when observing mel spectrograms of patients\u2019 breathing patterns, while the second experiment considered the same data format for multiclass classification. Contemporary optimizers are employed to optimize the architecture selection and training parameters of models in both cases. Under identical test conditions, the best models are optimized by the introduced modified metaheuristic, with an accuracy of 0.93 demonstrated for condition detection, and a slightly reduced accuracy of 0.75 for specific condition identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/axioms13050335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T06:31:58Z","timestamp":1716186718000},"page":"335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Respiratory Condition Detection Using Audio Analysis and Convolutional Neural Networks Optimized by Modified Metaheuristics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2062-924X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nebojsa","family":"Bacanin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India"},{"name":"Department of Informatics and Computing, University Sinergija, 76300 Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina"},{"name":"MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11813, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9402-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luka","family":"Jovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9849-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Stoean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza, 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5917-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalin","family":"Stoean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza, 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4351-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miodrag","family":"Zivkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5511-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milos","family":"Antonijevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3798-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milos","family":"Dobrojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30157-0","article-title":"Chronic respiratory diseases: A global view","volume":"8","author":"Labaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. 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